1. Water quality
   1. Water
      1. supply & demand
         1. average
            1. theoretical
            2. 2000 cubic meter/person
         2. shortage
            1. ≤1000 cubic meter/person
         3. time uses per capita
            1. usage
            2. increasing
            3. due to
            4. industry
            5. population
            6. main
            7. irrigation
         4. continent streamflow time
            1. north america
            2. increase
   2. River
      1. urban
         1. provide
            1. water
            2. drink
         2. carry off
            1. waste
      2. important
         1. health
            1. disease
            2. cholera
            3. 1850s
            4. typhoid
            5. 1880s
      3. Istanbul
         1. history
         2. pinnacle
         3. irrigation
         4. due to
         5. limited supply
      4. Chicago
         1. Lake Michigan
         2. population
         3. pollute
         4. water
         5. disease
         6. typhoid
         7. management
         8. Chicago river project
         9. reverse
         10. stream
         11. Rivers
         12. Chicago
         13. Calumet
         14. problems
         15. upstream
         16. great lake states
         17. sue
         18. for
         19. lowering
         20. lake
         21. level
         22. downstream
         23. Illinois
         24. sue
         25. for
         26. pollution
         27. offal
         28. ground river
         29. overuse
         30. cause
         31. problem
         32. Wisconsin
         33. chlorination
         34. 1908-1910
      5. Europe
         1. London Paris
         2. disease
         3. combat
         4. build
         5. sewer
         6. directly
         7. to
         8. Thames Seine
         9. pollution
         10. Rhine
         11. Britain
         12. France
         13. mining
         14. Germany
         15. chemical pollution
         16. from
         17. metal
         18. steel
         19. iron
         20. 1920
         21. Rhine
         22. world
         23. 20% chemical production
         24. Switzerland
         25. 1986
         26. Sandoz chemical warehouse
         27. fire
         28. extinguish
         29. wash
         30. chemical
         31. poison
         32. river
         33. kill
         34. all
         35. lifeforms
         36. Holland
         37. suffered
         38. metal
         39. content
         40. clean up
         41. after WWII
         42. policy
         43. restored
         44. 2015
         45. water basin management policy
         46. cross boundary
         47. Subtopic 1
      6. Japan
         1. Ashio
         2. mine
         3. copper
         4. pollution
         5. dams
         6. Subtopic 1
         7. halt
         8. history
         9. 1610
         10. active
         11. 1980s
         12. most important mine
         13. Japan
         14. Sumida
         15. review
         16. polluted
         17. industry
      7. India
         1. Ganges
         2. population
         3. religious
         4. belief
         5. burn
         6. dead
         7. to
         8. river
         9. 1980s
         10. 30mil bodies a year
         11. bathing
         12. problem
         13. bodies
         14. not burned
         15. expensive
         16. carcasses
         17. animals
      8. China
      9. purification
         1. filter
         2. filtration plants
         3. 1880s
         4. chlorination
         5. sludge activation
         6. big cities
         7. 1920s
         8. safe drinking water
         9. sewage
         10. 1912-1915
         11. sewage treatment
         12. 1920s-1930s
         13. sewage treatment plants
         14. 1990s
         15. effluent water
         16. cleaner
         17. water
         18. distribution
         19. world
         20. uneven
   3. Lake
      1. eutrophication
         1. example
            1. Lake Michigan
            2. Lake Washington
      2. clean up
         1. more difficult
            1. than
            2. river
            3. because
            4. static
      3. size
         1. small
            1. easily
            2. affect
            3. human
            4. population
            5. close
            6. relation
   4. Sea
      1. size
         1. large
      2. human population
         1. inhabit
            1. coastal zone
            2. inland sea
         2. less waves
            1. more vulnerable
            2. eutrophication
            3. example
            4. Baltic sea
            5. due to
            6. waste
            7. Stockholm
            8. Helsinki
            9. Leningrad
            10. Warsaw
      3. metal & chemical pollution
         1. Minamata Disease
      4. oil spills
         1. 1975
            1. 500,000 tons of oil
            2. leak
            3. Mediterranean sea
            4. 1990
            5. 1/4
            6. oil shipment
            7. 1980
            8. 1/6
            9. world
            10. oil pollution
         2. float
            1. cover
            2. 10% sea surface
      5. Mediterranean
         1. Black Sea
            1. 1990s
            2. biodiversity
            3. rich
            4. poor
            5. low
            6. biomass
            7. not polluted
            8. clear
            9. lack
            10. nutrients
      6. management
         1. beach closing
   5. patterns
      1. problems
         1. distribution
            1. cross boundaries
         2. factor
            1. industrialization
            2. population
            3. urbanization
            4. social
            5. religion
      2. management
         1. factor
            1. tourism
            2. international
            3. relation
         2. policy
            1. reduce
            2. filter
            3. output
            4. sewage
         3. technology
         4. investment
         5. EIA?
2. Water Manipulation
   1. Groundwater- Aquifer - Depletion
      1. America
         1. Ogallala Aquifer
            1. aquifer
            2. groundwater
            3. storage
            4. recharge
            5. long time
            6. Ogallala
            7. largest
            8. volume
            9. 3 billion arce-feet
            10. same
            11. Lake Huron
            12. problem
            13. overuse
            14. depletion
      2. Arabia
         1. groundwater
            1. depletion
            2. because
            3. policy
            4. agriculture
            5. self sufficient
            6. grow
            7. wheat
            8. desert
      3. Lybia
         1. similar
   2. Dams
      1. policy
         1. large dams
            1. Europe
            2. America
         2. small dams large network
            1. Italy
            2. colonial India
         3. both
            1. USSR
            2. post-colonial India
      2. benefit
         1. irrigation
         2. extend
            1. economics
            2. energy
            3. authority
      3. problem
         1. efficiency
            1. return
            2. electricity
            3. irrigation
         2. sustainability
            1. durability
            2. silting
         3. land
            1. water logged
         4. salinization
            1. Subtopic 1
         5. water borne diseases
            1. Indian
            2. malaria
            3. Subtopic 1
      4. became
         1. popular
            1. 1930s-1980s
            2. ≥ 1 large dam / day
            3. ≥15m
      5. Russia
         1. Tsarist Marxist Stalin
            1. 1930s
            2. build
            3. communism
            4. characteristics
            5. power
            6. centralized
            7. unlimited
            8. problem
            9. environmental degradation
            10. freedom
            11. little
            12. pressure
            13. militarize
            14. industrialize
            15. tame
            16. nature
            17. defend
            18. against
            19. outer forces
            20. capitalist
            21. demand
            22. resources
            23. ores
            24. food
            25. population
            26. energy
            27. priority
            28. industry
            29. health
            30. environment
            31. science
            32. research
            33. lack
            34. mistrust
            35. government
            36. fear
            37. liberalism
            38. support
            39. scientist
            40. angry
            41. move
            42. France/Germany
            43. 5 year plan
            44. forced
            45. to
            46. engineer
            47. projects
            48. focus
            49. scale
            50. speed
            51. sustainability
            52. focus
            53. applied science
            54. industrial
            55. projects
            56. scale
            57. grand
            58. planning
            59. centralized
            60. priority
            61. cost
            62. human
            63. health
            64. problems
            65. environment
            66. degradation
            67. projects
            68. big
            69. Volga 1937
            70. hydroelectric
            71. 1950s
            72. Aral sea
            73. 4th largest lake
            74. cotton belt
            75. cotton independent
            76. result
            77. 1990
            78. USSR
            79. 2nd largest exporter
            80. cotton
            81. problem
            82. Aral Sea
            83. depletion
            84. level
            85. 15m
            86. becomes 2 lakes
            87. volume
            88. 1990 = 1/3 1960
            89. influx
            90. 1980
            91. 1/5 influx
            92. salinity
            93. 1993 = 3x 1960
            94. problems
            95. climate
            96. stability
            97. air
            98. dry
            99. salinity
            100. summer
            101. heat
            102. winter
            103. cold
            104. fishery
            105. 1950s
            106. 40,000 tons / year
            107. 1990
            108. extinction
            109. biodiversity
            110. mammals
            111. 1/2 extinct
            112. birds
            113. 3/4 extinct
            114. plant
            115. only
            116. salt resistant
            117. agriculture
            118. pesticide
            119. pollution
            120. health issues
            121. cotton
            122. Subtopic 1
            123. Industrial Desserts
            124. Ural region
            125. Siberian
            126. Cheliabinsk
            127. population
            128. 1939 = 5x 1926
            129. environment
            130. degradation
            131. cause
            132. factories
            133. smoke
            134. acid
            135. poison
            136. agriculture
            137. fertilizer
            138. deforestation
            139. effect
            140. vegetation
            141. erosion
            142. climate
            143. "unique geochemical region"
            144. health issues
            145. life expectancy
            146. vulnerability
            147. diseases
            148. infant mortality
            149. communal farms
            150. centralized
            151. planning
            152. farmers
            153. do not own land
            154. upgrade
            155. exploit
            156. rotation
            157. pesticide
            158. 5 times
            159. US
            160. fallow
            161. result
            162. development
            163. unsustainable
            164. safety
            165. pollution
            166. 1975
            167. water use
            168. 8 times
            169. 1913
            170. irrigation
         2. Cold War
            1. science
            2. expanded
            3. pressure
            4. Cold War
            5. production
            6. scientific
            7. autonomy
            8. focus
            9. industry
            10. environment
            11. little
            12. characteristic
            13. exploitation
            14. Arctic
            15. hydropower
            16. develop
            17. quickly
            18. unsustainably
            19. examination
            20. environment
            21. impact
            22. nature
            23. transform
            24. damage
            25. irreversible
            26. projects
            27. Danube
            28. countries
            29. Hungary
            30. Czech Republic
            31. construction
            32. reservoir
            33. canal
            34. divert
            35. 90-95%
            36. flow
            37. into
            38. hydroelectric dam
            39. nuclear
         3. Environmentalism
            1. period
            2. Nikita Khrushchev (1955-64)
            3. reformism
            4. Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82)
            5. conservatism
            6. characteristics
            7. prioritize
            8. welfare
            9. industry
            10. use of resource
            11. but
            12. still
            13. pollution
            14. cheap
            15. industrial desert
            16. projects
            17. inefficient
            18. agriculture
            19. degradation
            20. movements
            21. Ural
            22. exploitation
            23. environmentalist
            24. scientists
            25. writers
            26. pressure
            27. from
            28. government
            29. Lake Baikal
            30. writer
            31. defend
            32. pristine nature
            33. gain
            34. support
            35. but
            36. fail
            37. scientist
            38. difficulties
            39. data
            40. classifed
            41. criticism
            42. dangerous
            43. government
            44. build
            45. dam
            46. glorify
            47. industry
   3. Flood control
   4. Coastlines