1. CURRENT SCENARIO
   1. small minority of the global workforce has access to occupational health services
   2. Increasing international movement of jobs, products and technologies can help to spread innovative solutions for prevention of occupational hazards, but can also lead to a shift of that risk to less advantaged groups
   3. All workers should be able to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health and favorable working conditions
   4. Activities related to workers’ health should be planned, implemented and evaluated with a view to reducing inequalities in workers’ health within and between countries
2. HAZARDS
   1. A hazard is anything that could cause injury or illness.
      1. • The materials and equipment we work with
      2. • The layout of the work area
      3. • The system or procedure used to perform work tasks
   2. Hazard Classification
      1. physical
      2. chemical
      3. biological
      4. psychological
      5. ergonomic
   3. hazard control
      1. step 1:identifying a hazard
      2. step 2:risk assessment
         1. outcome
         2. probability
         3. exposure
         4. existing control
      3. step 3:risk control
         1. elimination
         2. substitution
         3. engineering control
         4. administrative control
         5. PPE
      4. step 4: monitoring and evaluation
3. ENVIRONMENT
   1. VENTILATION&INDOOR AIR QUALITY
      1. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term referring to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants
         1. Proper ventilation helps improve indoor air quality. Ventilation can control indoor humidity and airborne contaminants, both of which either contribute to or act as health hazards.
            1. High indoor humidity can spur mold growth. High humidity may result from poor construction/rehabilitation, site design that does not properly manage water, and/or inadequate air exchange.
      2. Common sources of airborne contaminants
         1.  Indoor contaminants. These include chemicals used in the construction or renovation of buildings (e.g., glues, off-gassing from carpets, emissions from particle board, cleaning compounds). In addition, appliances that burn gas can produce particulates and carbon monoxide. Incomplete combustion and poor ventilation of these appliances (cook stoves, gas furnaces, gas boilers, and gas water heaters) can contribute to indoor contaminants.
         2.  Outdoor contaminants. Outdoor particulates can be drawn inside when the heating or cooling system draws air into a home. Particulates and allergens found in outdoor air can be asthma triggers.
      3. Common pollutants
         1. Radon
         2. Molds and other allergens
         3. carbon monoxide
         4. asbestos fibers
         5. ozone
         6. developing country
      4. Two types of ventilation
         1. Spot Ventilation. Exterior exhaust fans should be installed in all bathrooms and kitchens. These fans remove humidity and carbon monoxide. The most effective fans are quiet and durable.
         2. Dilution Ventilation. Dilution ventilation addresses the entire living space. Air changes (exchanging indoor air with outdoor air) and air cleaning help determine the effectiveness of dilution. Air changes result from a combination of natural ventilation (infiltration; leakage; windows) and mechanical (controlled) ventilation. Air cleaning occurs when particulates are filtered and when air is dehumidified to remove moisture.
      5. HVAC design
         1. HVAC is an initialism or acronym that stands for "heating, ventilating, and air conditioning". HVAC is sometimes referred to as climate control and is particularly important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where humidity and temperature must all be closely regulated whilst maintaining safe and healthy conditions within.)
         2. One technique to reduce energy consumption while maintaining adequate air quality, is demand controlled ventilation. Instead of setting throughput at a fixed air replacement rate, carbon dioxide sensors are used to control the rate dynamically, based on the emissions of actual building occupants.