1. Nomination
   1. collaboratively and productively establish a topic
2. Restriction
   1. limitation you may have as a speaker
3. Turn-Taking
   1. process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor
4. Topic Control
   1. covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations
5. Topic Shifting
   1. involves moving from one topic to another
6. Repair
   1. refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation
7. Termination
   1. refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation