1. (1) Duty of Care
   1. Neighbourhood Principle
      1. Donoghue v Stevenson [CL]
      2. R care to avoid acts or omissions // R foresee likely to injure N // N = closley & directly affected // Ought to have in my contemplation
   2. 3-Part Test
      1. Caparo v Dickman [DF]
      2. Foreseeability
         1. Kent v Griffiths [CL]
         2. OTHER CASE NEEDED
      3. Proximity
         1. Needed in SPACE, TIME and RELATIONSHIP
         2. Bourhill v Young [DF]
         3. McLoughin v O'Brien [CL]
      4. Just, Fair & Reasonable
         1. Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [DF]
         2. Reeves v MPC [CL]
         3. Orange v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire
2. (2) Breach of Duty
   1. Reasonable Man
      1. Ordinary Person
         1. Wells v Cooper [DF]
      2. Learner / Trainees
         1. Nettleship v Weston [CL]
      3. Professional
         1. Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [DF]
         2. Bolitho v City & Hackney Health Authority [DF]
      4. Young People
         1. Mullin v Richards [DF]
   2. Special Factors
      1. Special Characteristics
         1. Paris v Stepney Borough Council
      2. Size of Risk
         1. Bolton v Stone [DF]
      3. Practical Precautions
         1. Latimer v AEC [DF]
         2. See Also: Bolton v Stone [DF]
      4. Benefits / Importance of Taking Risk
         1. Watt v Hertfordshire County Council [DF]
3. (3) Causation
   1. Factual
      1. 'But For' Test
         1. Barnett v Kensington Hospital Management [DF]
   2. Legal
      1. Thin Skull Rule
         1. Smith v Leech Brain [CL]
      2. Novus Actus Interveniens
         1. Smith v Littlewoods [DF]
      3. Multiple Causes
         1. Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services [CL]
4. (4) Remoteness of Damage & BoP
   1. Remoteness of Damage
      1. Remoteness test
         1. Foreseeable consequence
         2. Wagon Mound [DF]
      2. The kind / form of damage must be foreseeable
         1. Bradford v Robinson Rentals [CL]
         2. Hughes v Lord Advocate [CL]
   2. Burden & Standard of Proof
      1. Burden & Standard of Proof
         1. On the balance of probabilities - it must be 'more likely than not'
      2. Res Ipsa Loquitur
         1. The acts speak for themselves, no burden of proof needed
         2. PROCESS
            1. (1) Was the thing under D's control? (If yes, proceed)
            2. (2) Could the accident have happened without negligence? (If no, proceed)
            3. (3) Is there any other explanation of the injury inflicted upon the claimant? (If no, D is liable)
5. Civil Courts & Damages
   1. Damages
      1. Special Damages
         1. BEFORE Court Case
         2. EXAMPLES
            1. Emergency medical treatment, Immediate loss of work (i.e. from sick leave), Repair of damage e.g. of car
      2. General Damages
         1. DURING Court Case. Difficult - guidelines are used
         2. EXAMPLES
            1. Loss of future earnings, loss of limbs, quality of life, future care
      3. Pecuniary & Non-Pecuniary
   2. Civil Courts
      1. Small Claims
         1. County Court
         2. P.I. Under £1k, Other Under £5k
      2. Fast Track
         1. County Court
         2. P.I. £1k - ??, Other £5k - £25k
      3. Multi-Track
         1. High Court
         2. ALSO complex fast-track cases
         3. P.I. ???, Other £25k - £50k