1. Models of democracy
   1. UK
      1. oldest parliamentary system
   2. US
      1. example of modern government
2. Branches of government
   1. legislative
      1. makes laws
      2. US
         1. Congress
            1. House of Representatives
            2. Senate
      3. UK
         1. Parliament
            1. House of Commons
            2. House of Lords
   2. executive
      1. implements laws
      2. US
         1. President
         2. Cabinet
      3. UK
         1. Prime Minister
         2. Cabinet
   3. judical
      1. interprets laws
      2. US
         1. Federal Courts
         2. Supreme Court
            1. 9 judges
            2. appointed by President
            3. ‘indefinite tenure’
            4. cannot be removed
            5. highest court
            6. ‘judicial review’
            7. is law constitutional?
      3. UK
         1. Various courts
   4. differences
      1. US
         1. separation of powers
         2. each independent
         3. 'checks and balances'
      2. UK
         1. 'fusion of powers'
         2. judical branch
            1. limited power
3. US Constitution
   1. 1787
   2. Amendments
      1. support in 67% in Congress
      2. 75% of states
      3. 27 passed
      4. Bill of Rights
         1. 1791
         2. first ten
      5. 1992
         1. recent
   3. unique
   4. first came the state, later the nation
   5. single document
4. British Constitution
   1. no single source
      1. set of laws, judgements, treaties, conventions
   2. constant evolution
   3. 'unwritten' constitution
5. The rise of Parliament
   1. 13th-14th c.
      1. 1215
         1. Magna Carta
            1. Nobles forced limits upon the king’s power
            2. inspired America’s Founding Fathers
      2. meetings of the leading figures who advised the king
      3. two housees
         1. Lords
         2. Commons
   2. 16 th c.
      1. ‘Crown-in-Parliament’
         1. executive (monarch) and legislative (parliament)
         2. combination of the Crown, Lords & Commons
      2. Tudor period
   3. 17 th c.
      1. Stuart period
      2. Conflict between monarchy and parliament
         1. Civil War
            1. Parliament victorious
      3. Parliament stronger
      4. 1688
         1. Glorious Revolution
   4. 18 th c.
      1. 1st PM
      2. ‘cabinet’ government
         1. ‘His/Her Majesty’s Government’
   5. 19th c.-today
      1. monarch
         1. head of the state
         2. ceremonial role
      2. House of Lords
         1. weakened
      3. House of Commons
         1. the centre power in parliament
   6. Parliament system
      1. Executive (cabinet) formed by ministers, who draw democratic legitimacy from and are responsible to the legislature (parliament)
      2. PM
         1. head of government
      3. 77 countries
      4. Pros
         1. quicker/easier to pass legislation
         2. executives has the support of legislature
      5. Cons
         1. executive not elected by people
         2. PM changes mid-term
6. Presidential system
   1. president
      1. executive
      2. elected by the people
      3. head of state and government
   2. 48 countries
   3. Pros
      1. president elected by the ppl
      2. balance among branches
   4. Cons
      1. 'gridlock'
         1. branches refuse to cooperate