1. 概念
   1. 句子的形成
      1. 单句
         1. 主语
            1. 名词/代词
            2. 动名词短语
            3. 已发生
            4. 不定式短语
            5. 未发生
            6. 名词从句
            7. 名词短语
            8. where to go xxxx
            9. why不能形成名词短语
            10. 介词短语
            11. from beijing to guangzhou is a long distance[省略the distance][from a to b]
         2. 谓语
            1. 动词
            2. 种类
            3. 及物动词
            4. 完全及物动词
            5. 我空格他/他空格我都可以的是完全及物动词
            6. 动词+宾语意思很完整
            7. example:love
            8. 不完全及物动词
            9. 动词+宾语意思不完整
            10. example:make 使成为
            11. 动词+宾语+宾语补足语
            12. 不及物动词
            13. 我空格他或者他空格我有一个不能用就是不及物动词
            14. 完全不及物动词
            15. 不完全不及物动词
            16. example:become/be动词
            17. be动词的翻译
            18. 是
            19. 名词
            20. 在
            21. 位置
            22. 不翻译
            23. 形容词
            24. 正在
            25. get
            26. 主语+get+过去分词
            27. 动词+主语补足语
            28. 授予动词
            29. give
            30. 主语+give/bought/lent/ask/teach+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)
            31. i give him a car
            32. 主语+give/bought/lent/ask/teach+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语
            33. to/for的辨析
            34. for是自己需要花时间处理的事(代劳的)
            35. to给与
            36. 主语+demand/ask/require/expect+直接动词+of+宾语(不常用)
            37. i asked a question of him[of相当于from]
            38. i asked him a question
            39. he demain a lot of me
            40. 主语+rub/deprive/ease+间接宾语+of+直接宾语
            41. he rubed me of my money
            42. the court deprived him of all his money
            43. he eased me of my burden
            44. 形态
            45. 完全及物动词
            46. 主语+及物动词+宾语
            47. i love you
            48. 主语+be动词+动词进行时
            49. i was hitting him
            50. 主语+be动词+过去分词(没有宾语)
            51. 不完全及物动词
            52. 叫
            53. 主语+make/have/bid+宾语+动词原型
            54. 主语+ge/bidt+宾语+to+动词原型
            55. 让
            56. 主语+let+宾语+动词原型
            57. 强迫
            58. 主语+force/push/cause+宾语+不定式短语
            59. 完全不及物动词
            60. 主语+不及物动词的过去式
            61. he fainted
            62. he fainted when he heard the bed news
            63. 主语+be动词+现在分词
            64. 不完全不及物动词
            65. 主语+be动词/感官动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)+主语补足语
            66. i am a teacher
            67. he is happy
            68. he looks sad
            69. 分辨方法
            70. 我 空格 他(它)
            71. 他(它)被我 空格
            72. 同一动词不同意义可能是不同的类型
            73. example:run
            74. 跑
            75. 经营
      2. 从句
         1. 名词从句
            1. that
            2. that he loves me is true
            3. it is true that he loves me
            4. whether
            5. whether she is beautful remains to be see
            6. whether he will come remain to be see
            7. where
            8. where he will go is stile a question
            9. 句子变成名词
            10. 戴慧谊
            11. that
            12. whether
            13. wh[what/where]
   2. 两句的连接方法
      1. 标点
         1. 分号
            1. 功能
            2. 并列
            3. example
            4. he is a good student;i like him very much
         2. 破折号
            1. 功能
            2. 解说
            3. example
            4. he is a good student--he study hard every day
      2. 连词
         1. 因果关系[所以]
            1. so
            2. he is a good student, so i like him very much
            3. because
            4. i like him very much because he is a good student
            5. because 在后面的时候前面不要有逗号
         2. 递进关系[并且]
            1. and
            2. he is a good student, and i like him very much
         3. 不可以用的[同时出现两个连词]
            1. 因为...所以...
            2. because he is a good student, so i like him very much
            3. since you are here, so i can tell you the truth
            4. 虽然...但是...
            5. though/although he is nice, but i dont like him
         4. 副词连词[连接副词]
            1. 功能
            2. 不能连接对等的单词或短语
            3. 放在整个句子前作副词从句
            4. 放在主语前,连接从句时要加逗号
            5. 放在主语后面的时候不加逗号
            6. 单词
            7. because
            8. i like him because he often help poor
            9. though/although
            10. if
            11. if you are nice, i will marry you
            12. if i am rich, i will buy a car
            13. if rich, i will buy a car
            14. if i'm tired, i will take a rest
            15. if tried, i will take a rest
            16. if i have money, i will buy a car
            17. 不能变为 if having money, i will buy a car
            18. unless
            19. when
            20. when he came, i was singing
            21. when i saw him, i felt happy
            22. -> when seeing him,i felt happy
            23. when i'm unhappy, i dont feel like talking
            24. -> when unhappy, i dont feel like talking
            25. when i am rich, i will buy a car
            26. -> when rich, i will buy a car
            27. when i have money, i will buy a car
            28. -> when having monry , i will buy a car
            29. while
            30. while i was in beijing, i have a good time
            31. -> while being in beijing, i have a good time
            32. -> while in beijing, i have a good time
            33. being要省略掉
            34. once
            35. 副词从句
            36. 结构
            37. 副词连词+主语+动词
            38. 不能独立存在,要依赖从句
            39. 连词引导的副词从句如果他的主语和主句的主语是完全相同的话,这些从句可以变成分词短语
            40. 步骤
            41. 从句主语去掉,动词变现在分词
            42. 如果动词是be动词,则可以省略掉
            43. 在if引导的从句中,只有是be动词作为动词的才可以变为分词短语
         5. 并列连词
            1. 单词
            2. and
            3. i enjoy working in beijing and (in) dalian
            4. or
            5. are you right or wrong
            6. but
            7. he is not handsome but ugly
            8. he is not in beijing but in dalian
            9. he failed not because he is lazy but because he is selfish
            10. as well as
            11. peter as well as i is fond of music
            12. 动词和第一个主语相匹配
            13. rather than(而不是)
            14. peter rather than i is fond of music
            15. 动词和第一个主语匹配
            16. =peter, not i, is fond of music
            17. he is ugly rather than handsome
            18. he is ugly, not handsome
            19. not...but
            20. not he but i am wrong
            21. 动词和最近的主语匹配
            22. not only...but also
            23. not only he but also i am wrong
            24. 动词和最近的主语匹配
            25. either...or
            26. either you or he is wrong
            27. 动词和最近的主语匹配
            28. neither...nor
            29. neither you nor he is wrong
            30. 动词和最近的主语匹配
            31. 可以用来链接两个地位相同的单词或从句或介词短语
            32. 前面是什么词性后面就是什么词性
         6. 连接性副词
            1. 功能
            2. 只能当副词用,不能当连词用
            3. 不能连接两句
            4. 单词
            5. therefore
            6. he is nice;therefore, i like him
            7. he is nice;i, therefore like him
            8. therefore后面习惯加逗号
            9. thus
            10. he is nice;thus i like him
            11. however
            12. he is nice; however, i dont like him
            13. he is nice.However, i dont like him
            14. he is nice;i, however, i dont like him
         7. 辨析主句
            1. 主句就是一开头就是主语的(主要的句子)
            2. 主句可以用连词搭配从句
   3. 关系词
      1. 关系代词
         1. who
            1. 代替人
            2. 例句
            3. he is a student who works hard
         2. whom
            1. 代替人
            2. 例句
            3. he is a teacher;i respect him
            4. he is a teacher;i respect him
            5. he is a teacher whom i respect
         3. which
            1. 代替事/物
            2. this is a book which i enjoy reading
            3. this is a book that i enjoy reading
            4. this is a good book, which i bought yesterday
            5. i was born in nanjing, in which i met mary
         4. that
            1. 可取代
            2. who
            3. this is a book that i enjoy reading
            4. he is a man that never lies
            5. whom
            6. he is a man that we all respect
            7. which
            8. 必须用that
            9. 最高级
            10. he is the best student, whom i have taught
            11. 不正确
            12. he is the best student, that i hvae taught
            13. she is the most beautiful girl, that i ever seen
            14. 在序数词之后
            15. that is the first thing which i will do
            16. 不正确
            17. that is the first thing that i will do
            18. 在疑问词之后
            19. who is the boy who is talking to mary
            20. 错
            21. who is the boy that is talking to mary
            22. 对
            23. what is the thing which you are using
            24. 错
            25. what is the thing that you are using
            26. 对
            27. 条件
            28. 1.前面没有逗号
            29. 2.前面不能有任何介词
         5. whose
            1. 所有格,可做主语或者宾语
            2. 可以代替人也可以代替物
            3. 例句
            4. this is Mr wang, whose daughter is my girlfriend
            5. this is Mr wang, whose daughter i love
            6. this is Mr wang, with whose daughter i'm familiar
            7. this is mr wang, whose daughter i familiar with
            8. i just bought a book, whose content is quite interesting
            9. i just bought a book, the content of which is interesting
            10. i just bought a book, which the content of is interesting
         6. 关系代词要靠近被代替的名词的后面
         7. 原则
            1. 1.关系代词之前一定要有先行词(先行词就是被关系代词所代替的名词)
            2. 2.关系代词在所引导的从句中一定要作主语或宾语
            3. 3.否则关系代词之前一定要有介词
            4. 4.介词在句尾可以省略前面没有逗号的关系副词
            5. 5.代词前有逗号的叫非限定修饰,没有逗号叫限定修饰
            6. 6.非限定修饰:逗号前的名词有特殊性(独一行)或专有名词,你知我知大家都知道,意味着后面的形容词从句可有可无
            7. this is my father,he is nice to me.(错的,没有连词或标点符号)
            8. this is my father,who is nice to me
            9. 翻译
            10. 这是我爸爸,他对我很好
            11. this is my father who is nice to me
            12. 翻译
            13. 这是对我很好的爸爸
            14. here comes Mary, who nice to me
            15. 7.限定修饰:
            16. he is a student who studies hard
         8. 例句
            1. he is a man (who/whom) i enjoy working
            2. 分析
            3. i 是主语,working是宾语
            4. 改为
            5. he is a man with/for whom i enjoy working
            6. he is a man i enjoy working with/for
            7. he is a man, whom i enjoy working with/for
      2. 准关系代词
         1. than
            1. 代表比较级
            2. mary is more beautiful more than jean
            3. i have more money than you have
            4. i have more money than you do[一句中有俩一样的动词,后面的动词用do代替,也可以省略,也可以倒装]
            5. i have more money than you
            6. i have more money than the money which you do
            7. i have more money than is needed
            8. 主语
            9. i have more money than needed[be动词可以省略]
            10. i have more money than the moeny is needed
            11. more friends than have being invited came
            12. more freinds than the freinds who have being invited came
         2. as
            1. 用在such ...as像什么什么这样的
            2. i have such a car as you do
            3. i have such a car as the car which you do
            4. i dont like such people as lie
            5. i dont like such people as the people who lie
            6. i dont like such person as lies
         3. but
            1. there is no 可用but代替,没有..不
            2. there is no one who doesn't like him
            3. there is no one but does like him
            4. there is no on but likes him
            5. there is no music which i'm not fond of
            6. there is no music but i'm fond of
      3. 关系副词
         1. when
            1. 可以用来代替时间
            2. i was born on 1981, on which it was raining
            3. i was born on 1981, when it was raining
            4. i was born in nanjing, in which it was getiing warmming
            5. i was born in nanjing, when it was getting warmming
         2. where
            1. 可以用来代替地点[可代替in which,at which,on which]
            2. i was born in nanjin, where i met mary
            3. i went to the station, at which i met john
            4. i went to the station, where i met john
            5. i went to the top of the hill, on which i met peter
            6. i went to the top of the hill, where i met peter
         3. why
            1. 可以代替原因
            2. i know the reason, for which he resigned
            3. i know the reason, why he resigned
            4. i know the reason he resigned
            5. i know why he resigned
         4. how
            1. 可以代替方式[不能跟名词共存,example: the way, how]
            2. i dont like the way, in which he talks
            3. i dont like the way he talks
      4. 插入语
         1. 词汇
            1. i think
            2. he is a man i think who never lies
            3. 不正确
            4. he is a man who i think never lies
            5. he is a man whom i think we should all respect
            6. he is a man who i think is nice
            7. he is a man whom i think to be nice
            8. i find
         2. 原则
            1. 插入语不影响原句的主格或宾格
      5. 形容词从句
         1. 概念
            1. 句子变成的形容词
         2. 翻译
            1. he is a student who studies hard
            2. 他是一个努力的学生
   4. 非谓语动词
      1. 不定式
         1. 结构
            1. to + 原型
         2. 功能
            1. 1.可以当作名词
            2. 可以做主语
            3. to marry that girl is my goal
            4. 可以作宾语[表示意愿]
            5. i want to go to the movies
            6. 例外:anticipate
            7. i anticipate going to the cinema
            8. 2.作为形容词
            9. 条件
            10. 1.被修饰的名词一定要作不定式中动词的宾语
            11. 2.否则就要作介词的宾语
            12. 例句
            13. he give me something to remember him
            14. him 是remember的宾语,不能作something的宾语,所以是错误的
            15. 改为:he give me something to remember him by
            16. please give me a pen to write something
            17. 改为
            18. please give me a pen to write something with
            19. i have no place to go
            20. 理论上是错误的,但是实际上这后面的to被省略了
            21. 经常在否定句中和place搭配
            22. 3.作为副词
            23. 概念
            24. 1.在动词之后[尤其是不及物动词之后],放不定式短语作为副词
            25. 2.放在完整的句子结构之后,to之前不能有逗号,放在句首要有逗号
            26. 例句
            27. i sang to please her
            28. i sing a song to please he
            29. to please her, i sing a song
            30. 4.原型不定式
            31. 概念
            32. 1.直接用动词原型,没有to
            33. 2.用于知觉动词后,可以放原型动词/现在分词/过去分词
            34. 看
            35. see
            36. watch
            37. look at
            38. notice
            39. behold
            40. 听
            41. hear
            42. listen to/listen up
            43. 感觉
            44. feel
            45. 3.强调已经发生的动作用动词原型
            46. i heard him sing this afternoon
            47. i feel her touch my hand
            48. 4.强调正在发生的事用现在分词
            49. when i open the door , i saw peter kissing mary
            50. 5.强调被动发生的事情用过去分词
            51. i saw peter punished by the teacher
            52. 6.使意动词当"叫"--make/have
            53. i made him wash my car
            54. 被动
            55. he was made to wash the car
            56. i have him wash my car
            57. have不能用被动
            58. 例外:bid
            59. i bade him (to) wash my car
            60. 可以有to也可以没有
            61. 被动: he was baden to wash the car
            62. get
            63. i get him to wash my car
            64. 必须要加to
            65. 7.使意动词当"把"--have/get|要用被动分词
            66. i have my car washed
            67. 8.help
            68. help me do (to) the work
            69. 9.assist要用in
            70. he assist me in doing work
            71. 10.do nothing but之后要用原型动词
            72. john is very playful, he does nothing but play around all day
            73. 11.choose nothing but/have no choice|option|alternative but之后的to不能省略
            74. he choose nothing but to study english
            75. you have no choice but to apologize to her
            76. 12.can't help but组合
            77. can't help相当于抗拒
            78. i can't help laughing
            79. can't but
            80. i can't but laugh
            81. can't help but
            82. i can't help but laugh
      2. 分词
         1. 现在分词
            1. 做形容词
            2. 令人...
            3. 例句
            4. the baby is very tiring
            5. 小宝宝很磨人
            6. the student asked a confusing question
            7. 正在.../即将...
            8. 例句
            9. the retiring teacher came to see me yesterday
            10. 做补充语
            11. 如果是及物动词作宾语补足语,如果用现在分词后面一定要有宾语,如果后面没有宾语一定要用过去分词
            12. i find him killed
            13. i find him killing a girl
            14. he was walking to me with one hand holding a knife
            15. he was walking to me with a knife held in one hand
            16. 化简:he was walking to me knife in hand
            17. 如果动词是不及物动词作补足语一定是用现在分词
            18. i find him sitting at the conner
            19. he was talking to me with his leg shavering
            20. 作名词
            21. 例句
            22. the living people should learn to optimistic
            23. 作副词
            24. 例句
            25. it is freezing cold today
            26. it is biting cold today
            27. bite
            28. dont bite off more than you can chew
            29. it is perishing cold today
            30. it is boiling hot today
         2. 过去分词
            1. 做形容词
            2. 感到
            3. 例句
            4. the baby is tired
            5. 小宝宝累了
            6. i am confused
            7. 已经...
            8. 例句
            9. the retired teacher came to see me yesterday
            10. 做补充语
            11. 如果是及物动词作宾语补足语,如果用现在分词后面一定要有宾语,如果后面没有宾语一定要用过去分词
            12. i find him killed
            13. i find him killing a girl
            14. 如果动词是不及物动词作补足语一定是用现在分词
            15. i find him sitting at the conner
            16. 作名词
            17. 例句
            18. the wounded people were rushed to the hospital
            19. the unexpected happened
            20. 做副词
            21. 例句
            22. it is estimate 54 people were killed in the air crash
            23. he is dead wrong
            24. it is awful hot today
         3. 分词结构
            1. 概念
            2. 一个句子中有两个动词,需要用连词链接
            3. he is very hard and win the game
            4. he study very hard but fail to pass the exam
            5. fail
            6. he fail the test
            7. he fail to pass the test
            8. he failed me again
            9. 后面接人/事/不定式
            10. 但两个动词没有连词链接
            11. 1.如果这两个动词同时发生,第二个动词要变成现在分词(如果是be动词可以省略)
            12. he came home crying
            13. he sit in the conner reading newspaper
            14. she sit in the conner singing
            15. she sit in the conner playing with her keys
            16. play
            17. 如果没有with是演奏的意思
            18. he came home being tired
            19. he came home tired
            20. 2.如果两个动作有先后,第二动词要用不定式
            21. he came here to see me
            22. he rushed here to tell me this story
            23. he sang a song to please her
            24. he drup a map to show me the way
            25. 3.如果有逗号分割,后面的那个动词要用现在分词
            26. he left home at six in the morning, arriving there about four in the afternoon
            27. he run away quickly, looking as something awful happened
            28. 两个句子在一起没有连词链接,第一个从句要简化变为分词短语
            29. 1.被简化的从句的主语如果与主句的主语相同,那么要被删除
            30. 2.之后的动词要变成现在分词
            31. 3.被省略的动词如果是BE动词可以省略,也可以保留以表示原因
            32. 4.如果变成否定分词结构,not要放在分词前
            33. 5.句中如果有助动词do,does,did要删除
            34. 6.句中有完成时的助动词have/had,要视为动词
            35. 7.主语不同的时候所形成的分词结构称为独立分词结构(独立修饰不同的主语的结构)
            36. 8.第一个从句比较重要的会把第二个从句变为分词结构
            37. 例句
            38. he has nothing to do, he feels bored
            39. having nothing to do, he feels bored
            40. he was sick of learning, he ran away from home
            41. being sick of learning, he ran away from home
            42. the boy plays around most of the time, his mother is quite mad about it
            43. the boy playing around most of the time, his monther is quite mad about it
            44. he didn't intend to see her, he left early
            45. not intending to see her, he left early
            46. he have done the work,he feels happy
            47. having done the work, he feels happy
            48. i have not see her for ages, i miss her
            49. not having see her for ages, i miss her
            50. john being punctual, i'm feel happy
            51. the plan have being carry out,we feel relaxed
            52. the plan having being carry out, we feel relaxed
            53. he was reading a book,his wife was knitting beside him
            54. he was reading a book, his wife knitting beside him
            55. we will go picnicking tomorrow, weather permitting
            56. 形容词从句简化法
            57. 条件
            58. 1.在限定修饰的形容词从句中,如果关系代词作主语
            59. 1.将关系代词删除
            60. 2.后面的动词变成现在分词
            61. 3.如果动词是BE动词,则可以省略
            62. 例句
            63. that's the problem that has bother me for a long time
            64. that's the problem having bother me for a long time
            65. this is a book which is worth of reading
            66. this is a book worth of reading
            67. the boy who was reading a novel in his own room didn't know the accident
            68. the boy reading a novel in his own room did'nt know the accident
            69. who is the boy that is locked behind the door
            70. who is the boy locked behind the door
            71. 2.非限定修饰的形容词从句,不能简化
            72. 例句
            73. i like the boy, who is talking to mary
            74. 我喜欢的这个男孩正在和玛丽说话
            75. 3.但是非限定修饰的形容词从句它的结构假如是关系代词+BE动词作名词,这时还是可以化简形成同位语,形成同位语可以放在主语之前
            76. 例句
            77. john who is a good friend of mine, studies is hard
            78. john a good friend of mine, studies is hard
            79. he study is hard which is affect that is known for all of us
            80. he study is hard affect that is known for all of us
            81. he study is hard affect known for all of us
            82. 4.非限定修饰的形容词从句,如果在主语之后插入的话,它也可以变为分词短语,形成的分词词组可以放在主语前后的位置
            83. 例句
            84. john who is eager to learn english has decide to study abroad
            85. john eager to learn english has decide to study abroad
            86. eager to learn english john has decide to study abroad
            87. 测试题
            88. i didn't know how to deal with this problem,i consulted him.
            89. i didn't know how to deal with this problem, so i consulted him
            90. now knowing how to deal with this problem, i consulted him
            91. i walked in to the room, i found books which were scattered around.
            92. when i walked in to the room,i found bookes scattered around
            93. walking in to the room i found books scattered around
      3. 动名词