1. Group
   1. Boiling Point (C)
      1. methane -162
      2. ethane -89
      3. propane -42
      4. butane 0
      5. pentane 36
2. Fractional Distillation
   1. first members
      1. fuels
3. Properties
   1. remarkably unreactive
   2. saturated hydrocarbons
      1. all single covalent bonds
      2. C-C
      3. NO C=C!
   3. Homologous Series
      1. contains same functional group
      2. one carbon
      3. CH2
      4. general formula
         1. CnH(2n+2)
   4. combustion
      1. +O2
         1. CO2 + H2)
         2. low oxygen supply
            1. CO
            2. incomplete combustion
   5. chemical test
      1. none
   6. Uses
      1. fuels
4. Shape
   1. corners of tetrahedron
5. Isomerism
   1. Isomerism is the phenomenon whereby certain compounds, with the same molecular formula, exist in different forms owing to their different organisations of atoms.
      1. The concept of isomerism illustrates the fundamental importance of molecular structure and shape in organic chemistry.
   2. Examples
      1. http://www.avogadro.co.uk/organic/isomer.htm
   3. NB same formula!
   4. boiling point (C)
      1. pentane 36
      2. 2-methylbutane 27
      3. 2,2-dimethylpropane 11
6. Methane
   1. Chlorination
      1. HALOGENATION
         1. replacement of one or more H with halogen atom
      2. excess of methane
         1. methane + chlorine ---> chloromethane + hydrogen chloride
         2. CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) ---> CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g)
      3. excess chlorine
         1. mixture of products
         2. chlorine replaces upto 4 H atoms