1. ERP Systems
   1. Definition
      1. The first generation of enterprise systems meant to integrate data and support all the major functions of organizations.
   2. Goals of an ERP system
      1. To make the information flow dynamic
      2. To make the information flow immediate
      3. Replace an assortment of systems
      4. Solves the critical problem
      5. To integrate departments and functions across an organization into a single infrastructure
      6. increasing usefulness and value
   3. Evolution of ERP
      1. 1960s
         1. Inventory Management & Control
            1. Third generation software-(Cobol, Fortran)
      2. 1970s
         1. Materials Requirements Planning (MRP)
            1. Third generation software-(Cobol, Fortran)
      3. 1980s
         1. Materials Requirements Planning (MRP-II)
            1. Fourth generation database software
            2. Manufacturing Applications
      4. 1990s
         1. Enterprise Resource Planning
            1. Fourth generation database software
            2. Package Software
      5. 2000s
         1. Extended ERP or ERP-II
            1. Web Platform
            2. Open source with integration to fifth generation applications
            3. SCM
            4. CRM
            5. SFA
   4. Components
      1. Hardware
         1. Servers
         2. Peripherals
      2. Software
         1. Operating Systems
         2. Database
      3. Information
         1. Organizational data from internal
         2. External sources
      4. Process
         1. Business processes
         2. Procedures
         3. Policies
      5. People
         1. End Users
         2. IT Staff
   5. Focuses
      1. On integrating the internal functional silos of the organization into an enterprise application
         1. Data sharing
         2. System integration
         3. Business process change
         4. Improving decision making
   6. Technology
      1. Adaptive
         1. Merged the early data processing and integration efforts within an organization
   7. Benefits
      1. Integration of data and applications across functional areas
         1. Data can be entered once and used by all aplications
         2. Improving accuracy and quality of the data
      2. Improvements in maintenance and support as IT staff is centralized
      3. Consistency of the user interface across various applications means less
         1. Employee training
         2. Better productivity
         3. Cross-functional job movements
      4. Security of data and applications is enhanced
   8. Limitations
      1. Complexity of
         1. Installing
         2. Configuring
         3. Maintaining
         4. the system increases
            1. Thus requiring
            2. Specialized IT Staff
            3. Hardware
            4. Network Facilities
      2. Consolidation of
         1. IT hardware
         2. Software
         3. People resources
         4. can be cumbersome and difficult to attain
      3. Data conversion and transformation from an old system to a new one
      4. Retraining of IT staff and end users of the new system
      5. can be a tedious and complex process
      6. can produce resistance and reduce productivity
   9. Software & Vendor Selection
      1. An organization that doesn't have the experience in developing ERP systems
      2. The organization must carefully evaluate needs in enterprise management systems
      3. Review the organization's existing
         1. Hardware
         2. Network
         3. Software
         4. The resources available for the implementation
         5. infrastructure
   10. Vendor Evaluation
       1. Business functions or modules supported by their software
       2. Features and integration capabilities of the software
       3. Financial viability of the vendor as well as length of time they have been in business
       4. Licensing and upgrade policies
       5. Customer service and help desk support
       6. Total cost of ownership
       7. IT infrastructure requirements
       8. Third-party software integration
       9. Legacy systems support and integration
       10. Consulting and training services
       11. Future goals and plans for the short and long term
   11. Operations & Post-Implementation
       1. Five Areas of Stabilization are Important
          1. Training for end-users
          2. Reactive support
          3. Auditing support
          4. Data fix
          5. New features & functionalities
   12. Project Management Triangle
       1. Resources
       2. Time
       3. Scope
   13. People & Organization
       1. Project Management
       2. Consultants
       3. Changes Management
       4. Business Process Re-engineering
       5. Global, Ethical, & Security Management
   14. Implications for Management
       1. ERP systems implementation
          1. Is a complex organizational activity
          2. Requires strong project management oversight
          3. Provide improved & added functionality for an organization
          4. Are set to proliferate globally
2. E-Business
   1. Focuses
      1. On linking business with external partners and stakeholders
         1. Communication
         2. Collaboration
         3. Marketing & Promotion
         4. E-commerce
   2. Technology
      1. Disruptive
         1. Transformed the way a business operates in terms of
            1. Buying & Selling
            2. Customer Service
            3. Relationships with suppliers
   3. Benefits
      1. Increasing agility of the organization in terms of responding to changes in environment
         1. Growth
         2. Maintaining
         3. market share
      2. Information sharing helps collaboration between units
      3. Linking and exchanging information in real-time with supply-chain partners improves efficiency
      4. Better customer service due to quicker information flow across departments
      5. Efficiency of business processes are enhanced due to the re-engineering of business processes
   4. Limitations
      1. Retraining of all employees with the new system
      2. Change of business roles and department boundaries
      3. can be costly and time consuming
      4. can create upheaval and resistance to the new system