1. strategic planning
    1. network design
      1. more complicated than the traditional network design problem.
      2. objective: minimizing the generalized cost of travel
      3. approaches:
        1. 两阶段法:先确定route(启发式方法),再确定frenquency。
        2. 三阶段法:先确定网络(简化为一般的网络问题),在确定route和frenquency
        3. Hasselström’s (1981):同时解决route和frenquency问题,第一次具有实用价值。
        4. Ceder andWilson (1986):考虑顾客的额外时间(总时间减去最短路时间)
        5. 元启发式方法:生成路径和频率-评估系统有效性-改进
        6. 基因算法:能处理更大规模的网络模型
    2. passenger assignment
      1. objective: minimizing the generalized cost of travel
      2. important concept: determining the minimum cost path
      3. Customer arrivals: lower-headway: Possion, long: more sheduled
      4. 三个难点:顾客到达、汽车到达等的时间相关性;顾客路径选择复杂性;拥堵和车容量