1. Ancient philosophy
   1. Pre-Socratic Thinkers (6th-5th century BCE) Thales, Heraclitus, Parmenides, etc
   2. Socrates (4th-5th century, 469-399 BCE) and the Socratic Method
   3. Plato (4th-5th century, 427-347 BCE) Theory of Forms, Allegory of the Cave, and the Republic
   4. Aristotle (4th century, 384-322 BCE) Logic, Metaphysics, Ethics, and Politics
   5. Philosophers sought to understand the nature of reality, the human condition, and the pursuit of knowledge through rational inquiry and speculation
2. Medieval Philosophy
   1. Early Christian Philosophy St. Augustine of Hippo (4th-5th century CE, 354-430) and his philosophical ideas
   2. Islamic Philosophy Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (10th-11th century, 980-1037 CE) and Averroes (Ibn Rochd) (12th century, 1126-1198 CE)
   3. Scholasticism Thomas Aquinas (13th century, 1225-1274 CE) and the synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology
   4. Theological concerns and the integration of faith and reason shaped philosophical discourse during this period
3. Renaissance and early modern philosophy
   1. Renaissance Humanism Petrarch (14th Century, 1304-1374) and Erasmus (15th-16th Century, 1466-1536)
   2. René Descartes (1596-1650) Methodological doubt and mind-body dualism
   3. British Empiricism John Locke (1632-1704), George Berkeley (1685-1753), and David Hume (1711-1776)
   4. Rationalism Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716)
   5. Rationalism, empiricism, and the questioning of traditional authority marked a shift toward human-centered philosophical inquiries
4. Enlightenment and 19th Century philosophy
   1. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) Transcendental Idealism and the Critique of Pure Reason
   2. Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
   3. German Idealism Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)
   4. Existentialism Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
   5. Philosophers championed reason, science, individual rights, and social progress in their critiques of established institutions and ideas
5. 20th Century and contemporary philosophy
   1. Analytic Philosophy Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) and Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
   2. Phenomenology Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) and Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
   3. Pragmatism Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) and William James (1842-1910)
   4. Post-structuralism Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
   5. Philosophers explored language, mind, perception, power structures, and the complexities of existence through various analytic, phenomenological, and post-structuralist approaches
6. Philosophy roadmap
7. Created by: Mouad ATERHI