1. History
2. Main Topic 14
3. Argumentation
   1. Arguments for judicial review
      1. Rule of Law
      2. Democracy
      3. Judicial Objectivity
         1. Politicalization of judges
         2. Internal versus external bias
      4. 'Supreme Guardian' of the constitution
      5. Self-restraint
      6. Separation of Powers
      7. Thorbecke's comments
      8. Opzoomer's comments
      9. Conservatism
      10. Certainty
      11. Internationalization
      12. Will of the people
   2. Arguments against judicial review
      1. Value conflicts
         1. Answer
      2. Counter-majoritarian dilemma
      3. Positive rights
4. Useful
5. Positive / Negative Legislator
6. International law
   1. UDHR
   2. ECHR
7. Constitution
   1. Functions
      1. Empowering states
      2. Establishing values and goals
      3. Providing government stability
      4. Protecting Freedom
      5. Legitimizing regimes
8. Comparative perspectives
   1. Brittain
   2. France
   3. classifications
      1. cc
         1. "Austrian Model"
         2. "American Model"
      2. nature of review
         1. abstrato
         2. concreto
9. Writers
   1. Montesquieu
   2. Rawls
   3. Hamilton
   4. Kelsen
10. Minorities
11. _Rechtsstaat_
12. Creation of policy
13. Constitutionalism
    1. Presupposition of 'higher law' in the form of a constitution.
    2. Internal morality of law.
    3. Separation of powers between different branches of government.
    4. Courts should be (a) independent and (b) be able to review Acts of Parliament in light of the constitution.
    5. Individual rights and freedoms should find protection.
       1. Positive rights
14. Democracy
    1. The quintessence of a democracy is the expression of nonconformist opinion.
    2. "Only when individual rights and freedoms - that are presupposed in a democracy - are constitutionally entrenched, can individuals really claim these rights" CNL 18
    3. Transcendentality of the constitution