1. WK2
   1. For key concept
      1. residence
         1. S6（1）
         2. S995-1 ITAA97 to Section6(1) ITAA36
         3. 4test
            1. primary test
            2. Levene v IRC
            3. 住宾馆，只是临时住另一个国家，没租房之前还是上一国resident
            4. p86
            5. IRC v Lysaght
            6. 继承爱尔兰房产但依旧是英格兰公司股东--still UK resident
            7. p86
            8. facts
            9. home
            10. famaily， business and social ties
            11. Physical presence
            12. 在哪里带着
            13. 频繁活动的区间
            14. purpose of presence
            15. Nationality
            16. TR 98/17
            17. supplementary test
            18. domicile
            19. FCT v Applegate
            20. 知道肯定要回来但是permenant工作，有permenant place outside australia并不是resident
            21. S6(1)
            22. 需要知道怎么回答类似问题
            23. p91
            24. Subtopic 3
            25. p91
            26. permanent place of abode
            27. half year/ 183 day test
            28. Re Koustrup V FCT
            29. 虽然呆了183天但是有abode outside Aust.
            30. 最重要的是是否有abode outside Aust，就就不满足此test
            31. superannuation scheme test
            32. 不考
         4. Temporart Individual resident
            1. Sub div 768-R of ITAA1997
            2. 外国sourced income不收税
            3. 本国按本国税率
            4. CGT中特殊，没有discount
         5. company residence
            1. 3test
            2. incorporation公司注册
            3. central management and control
            4. Malayan Shipping Co ltd v FCT
            5. TR 2004/15
            6. p96
            7. North Australian Pastoral Co v FCT
            8. 可以在两个地方
            9. Koitaku Para Rubber Estates Ltd v FCT
            10. p97
            11. 只是日常工作但是要被head office管着的，不算是centrol 所在地
            12. 如果是investment公司
            13. centrol 和carry肯定都在一个地方
            14. 如果是普通公司
            15. 可以不在一个地方
            16. Carry on business in Australia
            17. 没什么重要的，随缘
      2. source
         1. S
         2. 3 indicators
            1. getting the work拿到工作的地方
            2. Michum
            3. performing the work干活的地方
            4. Cam & sons
            5. French
            6. 拿到钱的地方 getting paid
         3. case
            1. Rhodesia Metal Ltd v TAXes
            2. p102
            3. 在英国carry和manage但是买卖Rhodesia的property， profit from Rhodesia
            4. Thorpe Nominees
            5. 土地在澳洲，卖了它 source也是澳洲
            6. p102
            7. FCT v Fench
            8. 重要p103
            9. 在澳洲受雇主要在新西兰工作，sourced income from Newzealand
            10. FCT v Mitchum
            11. 雅典政府雇员，在澳洲工作,　但是ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｃｅ在澳洲
            12. ｓｏｕｒｃｅ在澳洲
            13. 声称可以exempt under section23(q) foreign income
         4. Dividends
            1. S44（1）（b） ITAA 1936
            2. special: investment company
         5. interst
            1. spotless services ltd v FCT
            2. p104
            3. 签loan contract的地方是source所在地
      3. derivation
      4. assessable income: ordinary or statutory
      5. 重要：
         1. TR 98/17， IT2650 and TR 2004/15
2. WK3
   1. introduce to income
      1. s6-5
      2. FCT v Dixon（重要）
         1. p121
         2. 鼓励员工参加二战， 答应补齐工资
         3. 属于third party给的
         4. compensation for loss salary
         5. 属于ordinary income
         6. indicator of income
            1. periodic
            2. expected
            3. relied on
      3. 4 usual issues
         1. 1.gift, windfall gain or income?
            1. 如果有nexu with receipt算
         2. 2.capital or revenue account?
            1. 如果在capital 的话不算
         3. 3.Cash value?
            1. 如果没有的话不算
         4. 4.第三方可以接吗
      4. other general principles
         1. Subtopic 1
   2. Income from personal service assessable under s15-2 ITAA97
      1. NeXUS
         1. service是payment的最终原因
         2. two stepapproach
            1. identify the activity undertaken
            2. determine whether the receipt is a reward for performing the activity
         3. 正例: Brown v FCT(重要）
            1. p130
            2. 收到一座房子，和之前促成一笔交易有很大关系
            3. 属于ordinary income
         4. 反例：FCT v Harris
            1. p132
            2. 拿到一笔钱对抗inflation on pension fund
            3. 和过去的工作状态past employment and quality无关，所以不是ordinary income
         5. Reuter v FCT
            1. p144
            2. 签订covenant不能索要成功的fee
            3. 属于nexus with service，算ordinary income
         6. holmes v FCT
            1. p151
            2. 船翻了，船员救了，成功了，得到奖励
            3. 奖励和政府政策有关---->有Nuxes
            4. taxable under s26(e)
      2. Gift
         1. 不属于 ordinary income
         2. 虽然是by-producy of services， 但是还是不能assess for tax
         3. scott v FCT
            1. p135
            2. 丈夫死了，以前的客户给了10,000，很久以前就认识
            3. 重点facts
            4. 属于product of friendship而不是relevant activity
            5. SCOTT以前就fully remunerated,不算是compensation for the service
            6. 没有expection of receiving it
            7. if expected---more likely to be O.I
            8. 之前就有relationship
            9. 不属于ordinary income 只是personal gift而已
         4. Hayes v FCT
            1. 帮公司做会计，和老板建立友谊，公司上市了，老板送了股票
            2. key facts
            3. fully paid
            4. personal relationship has been developed
            5. in the hands of the receipt is not as a reward from employment or service
            6. legal test: liadler v perry
            7. 不属于ordinary income 只是personal gift
      3. 争议：provision of service 是否under15-2 ITAA97
         1. smith v FCT
            1. p150
            2. westpac要员工去学习，给钱支持，员工可以自己花
            3. sufficient nexus
            4. 属于assessable income
         2. Payne v FCT
            1. KPGM员工，坐公司相关的航空，坐多了有flyer points
            2. 没有nexus
            3. 不是因为KPMG的员工
            4. 而是entitled to it under Qantas' own scheme
            5. 不满足s15-2
      4. Others
         1. Game
            1. TR9917
            2. key case: Kelly v FCT
            3. p139
            4. 足球运动员，踢得好，第三方奖励了20，000
            5. key consider：
            6. 是足球运动员
            7. because of skills and abilities
            8. 属于ordinary income
         2. reward for service
            1. FCT v holmes
         3. restriction of contractual rights 比如restrictive convenant
            1. Higgs v Olivier(重要)
            2. p144
            3. 签署协议，不出现在其他电影里18个月
            4. 法院认为和他在这部电影里演员身份无关
            5. 不是ordinary income
            6. 现在属于CGT的D1
            7. Hepples v FCT
            8. 离职前签署协议不泄密
            9. 属于capital
            10. FCT v woite
            11. 球员，和A签署协议不为别的队伍B踢
            12. not payment for service
            13. 如果为签署协议的那支队伍A踢，就有可能是ordinary income
         4. sign-on fees
            1. 诱惑别人进入专业领域
            2. Ruling TR1999/17
            3. 正例：Pickford v FCT
            4. p147
            5. 放弃share optons in a emplyee share scheme
            6. 反例：Jarrold v Boustead
            7. p146
            8. 签署协议要求放弃业余进入专业领域
            9. 法院认为只是give up right而不是为了future service
            10. not ordinary income under s15-2
         5. personal exertion
            1. Brent v FCT
            2. p142
            3. 丈夫是抢劫犯很有名，妻子受邀接受采访
            4. 愿意独家授权给别人自己的故事
            5. 法院认为it is ordinary income因为故事不是一个property她也没有失去
      5. prerequisites to be O.I
         1. payment convertible to cash?
            1. FCT v Cooke and Sherden
            2. 不是ordinary income
            3. 因为不能convertible to cash
            4. 但是还是statutory income，capital
            5. 如果illegal for sale，依然认为不是convertible
            6. special: business receipt
            7. convertible,但是不是income
         2. real gain to the taxpayer
            1. 如果是genuine gain，是OI
            2. Hochstrasser v Mayes
            3. 如果是reinbursment只是补偿损失,不是OI
            4. Hochstrasser v Mayes
      6. O.I
   3. statutory income
      1. from p147
3. WK4
   1. income from BUSINESS
      1. 确定是否business
         1. carry on a business
            1. s 6-5 ITAA1997
         2. main cases
            1. Ferguson v FCT(最重要)
            2. p223
            3. 养牛，越养越多有intention，雇佣managementfirm
            4. 属于business
            5. 总结facts
            6. 有profit-making purpose
            7. repetition and regularity
            8. organisation and businesslike approach
            9. size
            10. activities more than preparation
            11. Apply the criteria of TR97/11 Applu badges of business
            12. FCT v JR Walker
            13. p224
            14. 养羊
            15. facts类似
            16. Thomas v FCT
            17. 买地重牛油果，没啥收入 弄得很差
            18. still a business even though the size is small
            19. even though the prospect of profit is short-term
            20. more than a hobby
            21. small startup
            22. FCT V Osborne
            23. 只是一直在准备阶段
            24. 依然可以是business
      2. business 还是hobby
         1. 如果是hobby,则不是ordinary income
         2. gambling
            1. Trautwein v FCT (最重要)
            2. p227
            3. 花很多钱赌马，花钱养马，租马
            4. facts
            5. the size
            6. systematic and organised approach
            7. 大量amounts of money
            8. employment of other people
            9. 是business
            10. Martin v FCT
            11. 养马也不一定是gambling
            12. Evans v FCT
            13. 不系统的赌博就不是business
            14. babka v FCT
         3. Amateur Sport
            1. FCT v Stone（最重要）
            2. p229
            3. javelin标枪爱好者，拿很多世界冠军
            4. lacked a clear profit motive
            5. 赚很多钱，雇佣manager
            6. 是business
            7. Spriggs and Riddell v FCT
            8. 可以作为自己business的球队中的球员
            9. regularly play at a high level
      3. income 还是 capital gain
         1. 暂时不更新
      4. scope of business（不重要）
         1. 范围可宽可窄
         2. FCT v Merv Brown
            1. 卖出口配额不是business
         3. Memorex Pty ltd v FCT
            1. 卖leased equipment是business
      5. Extrodinary/Isolated transactions
         1. Isolated transaction
            1. FCT v Whitfords Beach （最重要）
            2. P243
            3. 买了地然后develop然后卖掉
            4. 是ordinary income
            5. Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd V FCT
            6. p243
            7. 买了地然后develop然后卖掉,被错判不是business
            8. 本来不是mere realiasation of capital 而是ordinary income---但是错判
            9. Statham v FCT
            10. p244
            11. 按照市政局要求建设土地，不算是自己意愿
            12. 不属于ordinary income
            13. 仅仅是mere realiasation
         2. Extrodinary Transaction
            1. FCT V Myer Emporium ltd（CASE中的大boss）
            2. p247求一定多看几遍
            3. Myer 母公司借款子公司， 将principal权利保留，利息权变成 CDS卖给其他公司
            4. 属于ordinary income
            5. 2个strand
            6. 第一个strand
            7. business operation or commercial transaction
            8. McCurry v FCT
            9. p251
            10. 怀着profit目的买了地造了房子，自己住了一段时间还是卖掉了
            11. 算是commercial transaction
            12. profit-making intention
            13. profit is made确实根据那个intention
            14. 反例：Westfield Ltd v FCT
            15. p249
            16. 本来要develop，后来直接卖了，两种方式都有可能profitbale
            17. 不属于ordinary income，不满足坚持intention
            18. 正例：FCT v cooling
            19. p250
            20. 卖lease incentive
            21. 算ordinary income
            22. 第二个strand
            23. if the tax payer sells the right to income from an asset without selling the underlying asset
            24. 即补偿loss of income---->这种补偿还是属于income
            25. key case
            26. Henry Jones v FCT
            27. 自己生产canned fruits罐头水果不挣钱，卖了商标给别人用，royalty，5%的利润分成 然后把这个royalty卖给别人换lump sum of 7.5m
            28. 第一个strand不成立，因为在进入royalty程序时并没有intention
            29. 第二个成立，这种补偿还是属于ordinary income
      6. Capital or rEVENUE
   2. income from property
      1. Annuities
         1. full amount of the regular annuity payment is regarded as O.I
         2. Egerton-Warburton v FCT
         3. Foley Fletcher
         4. S27h ITAA1936
      2. interesｔ
         1. 属于ordinary income
            1. s6-5 ITAA1997
            2. discount or premuim would be capital 但是不是ordinary income
            3. lomax v peter dixon & son ltd
      3. rent
         1. 属于ordinary income
            1. Adelaide Fruit and produce exchange co ltd v DCT
      4. royalties
         1. 只有right is exercised的时候
         2. 属于ordinary income
            1. s6-5
            2. McCauley v FCT(重要)
            3. p276
            4. pay the taxpayer amount base on the timber that had been cut and removed
            5. royalty典型case
            6. 反例： Staton v FCT
            7. 并不是按照砍掉的树来算钱，而是用lump sum
            8. 不属于ordinary income
         3. 如果royalty是capital也可以是statutory income
            1. s 15-20
         4. intellectual property 比如license
            1. 暂时不讨论,WK8--WK9
      5. dividends
         1. 暂时不讨论
      6. lease incentive payment
   3. compensation principle
      1. S15-30 s51-57 div 54 ITAA97
      2. S118-37大部分个人compensation的capital 免税
      3. compensation for loss of salary
         1. income
      4. for physical ability
         1. capital
      5. pain,suffering or medical expenses
         1. capital
      6. anti-discreimination legislation
         1. not considered
      7. structured settlements
         1. not considered
         2. 需要注意
            1. revenue or structure
            2. revenue
            3. ordinary income
            4. structured
            5. 不考虑
            6. 但有时候太重要： Californian Oil product Ltd v FCT
            7. 依然在capital a/c
            8. cancelllation of contract
            9. p295
         3. reimbursement
            1. ALLSOP V FCT
            2. p299
            3. assessable
            4. 不是ordinary income而是capital
            5. HR sinclair v FCT
            6. P299
            7. income
         4. composite payments
4. WK5 CGT
   1. 首先它是statutory income
      1. S6-10
   2. 20，September 1985
      1. pre-CGT
   3. calculation:
      1. capital gain/loss
      2. reduce gain by capital losses
         1. capital loss
            1. 不能用来抵减assessable income
            2. s102-20（2）
            3. 可以carry forward
            4. s102-15(3)
      3. reduce remaining gains by 历史遗留的capital losses
      4. discount/smal business concession
         1. excluded event
            1. D1
            2. D2
            3. F1
            4. H2
         2. 必须hold asset >=12months
            1. S115-25
         3. 可以选择不用啊
            1. S114-5
      5. Net Capital Gain
   4. CGT Asset S108-5(1)
      1. example
         1. s108-5(2)
         2. shares
         3. options
         4. debts
         5. foreign currency
      2. personal use asset自己用的
         1. capital loss is disregarded！
            1. s108-20(1)
         2. capital gain is diregarded!
            1. s118-10(3)
            2. 必须低于10,000
         3. sets of personal use asset
            1. 会add them up
            2. s108-25
         4. s108-5(2) definition
      3. collectables收藏品
         1. s108-10 ITAA1997
         2. 如果小于$500，capital gain/loss disregarded
         3. 如果有capital loss,只能用来递减收藏品的gain
         4. sets of collectables
            1. s108-15
            2. 会add them up
            3. s108-10(2) definition
   5. CGT 重点events Subdivision 104-A/B/C
      1. A
         1. A1比如卖掉设备
            1. s104-10(1)
            2. dispose of CGT assets
            3. 时间
            4. s104-10(3)
            5. 进入合同时间
            6. 没有合同就是ownership change时间
            7. 计算
            8. Capital gain= Capital proceeds > Cost base
            9. Capital loss= Capital proceeds < reduced cost base
            10. 除非disregarded
            11. 比如
            12. pre-CGT
            13. <500收藏品
            14. <10000 personal use
      2. B
      3. C
         1. C1比如工厂烧毁
            1. s104-20
            2. lost or distroyed
            3. s104-20(1)
            4. 时间
            5. s104-20(2)
            6. 收到compensation的时候
            7. 没有compensation就是发现loss时候
            8. 计算
            9. Capital gain= Capital proceeds > Cost base
            10. Capital loss= Capital proceeds < reduced cost base
            11. 除非disregarded
            12. 比如
            13. pre-CGT
            14. <500收藏品
            15. <10000 personal use
         2. C2比如独家销售权丧失
            1. s104-25
            2. trigger
            3. redeemed/cancelled/released/expired/abandoned/forfeited
            4. 如果是option-excised
            5. 时间
            6. s104-25(2)
            7. 签contract的时候
            8. 没有contract就是asset ends时
            9. 计算一样
      4. D
         1. D2比如卖了option
            1. s104-40(1)
            2. trigger
            3. 卖了/renew了option
            4. Subtopic 2
            5. 时间
            6. s104-40(2)
            7. 干以上这些事的时候
            8. 计算
            9. capital gain=capital proceeds>expenditure incurred in granting/renewing
            10. capital loss= capital proceeds<expenditure incuurred in granting/renewing
            11. For option
            12. exercise了
            13. grantor
            14. 如果option exercise了，所有的gain都会被抵消，进入selling price
            15. grantee
            16. 没有CGT影响
            17. 没有exercise
            18. grantor
            19. 没有事件发生
            20. grantee
            21. C2发生
      5. H
         1. H2
   6. Capital Proceeds
      1. s116-20
      2. moditification
         1. market value
            1. s116-30
            2. 没有proceeds
            3. non-arm's length transaction
            4. cannot value
         2. Apportionment
            1. s116-40
            2. 分配
         3. Non-receipt rule
            1. s116-45
            2. 如果没有收到钱，就抵减
         4. other
            1. repaid rule
            2. s116-50
            3. assumption of liability rule
            4. s116-55
            5. 如果要买的CGT asset有liability, Liab.会包括在cost gain里
            6. misappropriation rule
            7. s116-60
   7. cost base
      1. cost base
         1. 5 elements
            1. 1.amount paid
            2. s110-25(2)
            3. 2.incidental cost
            4. s119-25(3)
            5. 3.costs of ownership
            6. s119-25（4）
            7. eg：interest
            8. 但是如果interest是deductible的，就从cost base中移除以防double count
            9. 4.capital expenditure for increasing value
            10. s110-25(5)
            11. 5.为了preserve title的支出
            12. 比如强制要交的土地证费用
      2. reduced cost base
         1. 没有3rd element
         2. 没有indexation
      3. moditification（类似proceed）
         1. 市场价值
         2. add up
         3. apportionment rule
         4. liability rule
   8. Time of Aquisition
      1. 成为owner
         1. s109-5(1)
      2. A1
         1. s1095(2)
      3. special rule
         1. death/inheritance
            1. Div 128
            2. 一般for deased--tax free
            3. 除非benificiary是免税entity
            4. cost base rule
            5. post-CGT
            6. cost base=死者买的时候cost
            7. pre-CGT
            8. cost base=死的时候的cost
            9. personal use asset and collectable
            10. 还是和原来一样
         2. land
            1. s108-55
            2. Subtopic 2
   9. exempt income
      1. main resident subdivision
         1. 住了一段时间不征税
         2. s118-B
      2. motor vehicles s118-5(a)
      3. small business
         1. turnover<$2m
            1. s328-110
            2. 成立条件
            3. max value of asset is 6M
            4. s152-15
            5. active asset
            6. ready for use
            7. s152-35&152-40
            8. 如果是share
            9. CGT concession
            10. s152-50
   10. concession under Div 152
       1. 15年exemption rule
          1. S152-105 ITAA 1997
          2. 至少55岁，持有asset超过15年
       2. additional 50% discount for sale of active asset
          1. s152-205
       3. retirement exemption up to $500k
          1. s152-305
          2. 和退休有关的 500k的gain不用税
       4. roll over relief
          1. S152-405
          2. defer capital gain
   11. disregarded
       1. rollover relief
          1. 如果挂了，让新的所有者叫CGT
       2. personal use asset
          1. refer之前记录
       3. collectables
          1. refer之前记录
       4. Subtopic 4
5. WK7 GENERAL DEDUCTION
   1. no matching原则
      1. W nevill v FCT
         1. p365
         2. 两个managing director合不来，其中一个terminate,涉及compensation fee
         3. 可以 deduct because this expense improves the taxpayer' s overall business efficiency and operation would be incurred in gaining or producing assessable income.
      2. Charles Moore v FCT
         1. p358
         2. 员工去银行的时候被抢了
         3. in the course of gaining or producing assessable income
   2. 要有NEXUS
      1. 是不是income activity
      2. loss is outgoing related to the activity
      3. timing
         1. 事前，事中和事后
      4. Apportionment
         1. positive limb
            1. 基本概念
            2. s8-1(1)
            3. 赚钱发生的就可以
            4. 为了carry on business赚钱发生的也可以
            5. 叫做general deduction
            6. a loss or outgoing?
            7. S8-1
            8. key case
            9. Charles Moore v FCT
            10. p358
            11. 员工去银行的时候被抢了
            12. in the course of gaining or producing assessable income
            13. W nevill v FCT
            14. p365
            15. 两个managing director合不来，其中一个terminate,涉及compensation fee
            16. 可以 deduct because this expense improves the taxpayer' s overall business efficiency and operation would be incurred in gaining or producing assessable income.
            17. FCR v Day
            18. p361
            19. 一个可怜的海关， 被告工作失职，产生legal expense
            20. 可以deduct 因为是他的employment exposes him to incur these legal charges and corresponding fees
            21. Herald and weekly v FCT
            22. p362
            23. 一家报社如果不支出费用对抗诽谤就没法好好Business
            24. deductible
            25. Subtopic 5
         2. negative limb
            1. s8-1(2)
            2. 是一个outgoing of capital/capital in nature
            3. private/domestic nature
            4. 和non-assessable non-exempt 或exempt income相关
            5. specific provision of this act prevent deduction
      5. temporal nexus
         1. outgoing可以在assessable income之前或者之后
         2. 但是outgoing必须在gaining a job之前
            1. case
            2. FCT v Maddalena(属于旧时代）
            3. p391
            4. rugby player，incur legal and travel expense为了研究要不要转会
            5. 法院认为不满足positive limb,只是为了准备换工作而不是为producing assessable income 发生的 predecessor to s8-1不满足
            6. 最重要的是no evidence to support it is a business
            7. 不可以deduct
            8. Spriggs v FCT
            9. p392
            10. 专业ruby运动员。 费用产生在negotiation of 他的转会
            11. 法院认为business和employment是相关联的，this activities relates to business
            12. 和production of assessable income相关
            13. 属于找新customer，而不是找新工作， 与FCT v Maddalena有所不同
            14. 可以deduct
         3. 过去的经营活动
            1. placer pacific management v FCT
            2. p368
            3. 公司要申请deduction是已经停止的business的
            4. 法院认为可以deduction，expense arose from the past activity to generate revenue
            5. Softwood pulp v FCT
            6. p369
            7. 属于用来决定是否要换earning activity而发生的expenditure
         4. 未来的经营活动
            1. steele v DCT
            2. p366
            3. 原告purchase a property， 希望以后造motel收钱，后来和合伙人撕逼就卖了股份， 申请duction for the 购房贷款产生的利息
            4. 可以deduct 和future assessable income related
         5. logical nexus
            1. retrenchment
            2. W Nevill v FCT
            3. payment是不是一个好的商业操作不相关，依然可以deductible
            4. operating cost----in the course of 这些统统deductible
            5. Charles moore v FCT
            6. FCT v Snowden
            7. 花钱对抗说business坏话的人
            8. Herald v FCT
            9. magna alloys v FCT
            10. 花钱保护商品名字
            11. rarely relevant
            12. Fletcher V FCT
            13. p389
            14. 客户进入annuity合约是为了minimise tax
            15. purpose is not for earning assessable income
            16. not deductible
            17. Ure v FCT
            18. p388
            19. 接了银行钱， 然后把钱按小汇率借给家里人得到assessable income，希望deduct全部
            20. 法院认为只有借给家里人的那一部分产生的利息才可以dedcutible
      6. losses or outgoings of a capital nature
         1. national Australia bank v FCT
            1. 银行付一大笔钱给政府成为国防指定借贷单位
            2. 属于买断交易
            3. 法院认为the lump sum payment was a deductible revenue expense 因为属于expansion of its customer base
         2. sun newspapers v FCT
            1. p371
            2. 报社付钱给悉尼报业， 要用他们的PPE， 而且不让他们开一家新的报社
            3. 法院认为，this is a non-deductible capital exp. as the taxpayer has acquired a non-wasting capital benefit。
            4. 认为this payment strngthened the taxpayer's business structure and was capital in nature
         3. BP Australia v FCT
            1. p373
            2. 付钱为了为来可以均价买汽油
            3. 法院认为不是capital 而是revenue expense
            4. 可以deductible
         4. colonial mutual v FCT
            1. p375
            2. 分五十年付所谓的rent-charge， 占据了90%的房价
            3. 法院认为是capital expense而不是revenue expense
         5. FCT v star city
            1. p376
            2. casino的12年租金
            3. capital expense
      7. legal expense
         1. FCT v consolidated fertilizers
            1. p430
            2. A买了license, 开发者搞了卖license的，会影响到A，A涉及的legal expense
            3. 不属于capital, A已经持有了license，算是为了protect the payment
         2. John fairfax v FCT
            1. 花钱对抗share purhase中的撕逼
            2. 不可以deduct
         3. Broken Hill theatres v FCT
            1. p429
            2. 花钱阻止竞争对手电影院进入
            3. itself is a monopoly， 认为不可以deduct.
      8. 旅行，照顾小孩，自我教育,clothing
         1. travel to and from work
            1. FCT v payne
            2. p398
            3. 一个飞行员，也养梅花鹿， sought deduction for travelling expense between 机场和梅花鹿farm
            4. 法院认为不满足positive limb， 来往不是为了earn assessable income,而是put him in a position to gain assessable income
         2. childcare因为是私人的，所以不可以
            1. Lodge V FCT
            2. 属于putting the taxpayer into a position to gain assessable income,不是直接的in the couse of .....
         3. self-education expenses
            1. 需要是for this job not to get the next job
            2. FCT v Hatchett
            3. 小学老师要获得艺术系文凭
            4. not deductible
            5. FCT studdert
            6. 飞机修理师要学习开飞机
            7. deductible, because this is for improve the work
            8. FCT v Anstis
            9. p413
            10. non-employment income
            11. 属于assessable income, 而付expense完成学业是为了满足该income
            12. 可以deductible
            13. Peter Lenten v FCT
            14. p410
            15. 中学教师和老婆环游世界，自称是为了学术 不要脸
            16. 法院认为75%可以deductible, 剩下25%属于inevitable recreational portion, 不可以deductible
            17. Carlos Sanchez v FCT
            18. p411
            19. 旅行社的sales consultant自称环游世界是为了更好的fulfilｌ工作技能　不要脸
            20. 法院认为 not　just holidays and were clearly related to the production od assessable income
            21. FCT v Finn
            22. p410
            23. 反正就是旅行related to work，ATO不让但是法院让了
            24. deductible
         4. private or domestic
            1. home office
            2. 如果已经有office,只能claim for additional expense
            3. 如果没有office,可以claim running cost+ port of the fix cost
            4. FCT v Handley
            5. mortgage interest不能deduct
            6. FCT v Forsyth
            7. rental payment on home study不允许
            8. special diet for athelete
            9. FCT v Cooper
            10. 足球运动员太瘦了要多吃点，claim eating exp.
            11. not deductible
            12. conventional clothing is deductible:
            13. FCT v Edwards
            14. p421
            15. 需要很多特殊着装
            16. deductible，nexus with the gaining of assessable income
            17. Morris v FCT
            18. p424
            19. 着装for self-protecttion
            20. 可以deductible
            21. 关于着装：Occupation- specific 着装是可以deduct的，但是如果不是revenue expense而是capital in nature就不可以
            22. capital
            23. 在经营生产的结构中起作用
            24. revenue
            25. 在经营生产过程中
            26. p370&p425
   3. 有一些deny的内容
      1. p379起
6. WK8 SPECIAL DEDUCTION
   1. overview
      1. S8-5 special consideration
         1. allowed s8-5(1)
         2. denied s8-5(2)
   2. Tax related expenditures
      1. s25-5
      2. definition of tax affairs
         1. s995-1(1)
      3. no deduction for tax advice fee
         1. s25-5(2)
         2. 就是去咨询税务相关的advice fee不可以deduct
   3. repair
      1. s25-10
         1. 但是基本上和s8-1一致
      2. restoring the asset back to its original condition
      3. issues 都不可deductible
         1. initial repirs
            1. 买之前就坏了
         2. repair vs improvement
            1. 算capital exp
         3. repair vs replacement
            1. 如果整个换了不能deductible
            2. 部分换可以deductible
            3. case
            4. FCT v Western suburb
            5. p442
            6. 天花板坏了，同样的材料is unavailable, change it with newer and better material
            7. 法院认为不管availability如何， improve 了就不可以deductible
   4. bad debts
      1. s25-35
      2. TR 92/18
      3. 条件
         1. there must be a debt
         2. 必须是坏账
         3. 会在当年被written off
            1. s25-35
         4. 被included in the assessable income
      4. case
         1. point V FCT
            1. p447
            2. 第一年没write off
   5. gift
      1. Div.30 of ITAA97
      2. 必须要give an eligible recipient才可以
      3. 不能拿任何东西作为return
         1. 就算在教堂给教堂钱，不能吃面包不能喝葡萄酒
      4. S26-55
         1. denies the deduction if it leads to a tax loss or increases a tax loss
      5. 关键case
         1. FCT v MCPHail
            1. Subtopic 1
   6. past year tax losses
      1. 和wk11内容也相关
      2. losses和 assessable & exempt income有关
      3. corporations 和non-corporate不一样
         1. corp. s36-15
         2. non-corp. s36-17
   7. borrowing expenses
      1. s25-25
   8. prohibited deductions:
      1. penalties under a law
         1. s26-5
      2. Bribes
         1. s26-52
            1. 对国外
         2. s26-53
            1. 对国内
   9. CAPITAL ALLOWANCE
      1. not examinable
7. WK9 TAX ACCOUNTING
   1. Cash 和 Accrual这对基友
      1. Cash basis
         1. income 在cash receipt的基础上
         2. deduction是在有payment的obligation时出现
         3. 一般适用于
            1. employment income
            2. personal professional services
            3. investmentincome
      2. Accruals basis
         1. income 在right to claim的基础上
         2. deduction 在有obiligation时出现
         3. 一般适用于
            1. large enterprises
            2. trading and manufacturing business
      3. 一般来说if rely on
         1. hard work
            1. cash basis
         2. not hard work
            1. accrual basis
      4. method choose
         1. 取决于哪种method可以有correct reflex of the taxpayer's true income
            1. case
            2. Henderson v FCT
            3. p522
            4. 一个上百人的企业 用cash basis，不要脸
            5. 法院认为需要用accrual basis,但是这种change带来early year的income，依然not taxable
            6. true reflex of income
            7. 小公司：cash, 大公司：accrual
      5. recognition of income(when
         1. timing： income is realised when fees have matured into recoverable debts
            1. Handerson's case
         2. if there is a discount for prompt payments, general rule: tax on "full invoice price" 除非amt非常确定
         3. 如果能received但是还没derived,必须等到derived以后才可以被收税
            1. Arthur Murry‘s case
            2. p523
            3. payment received before 提供产品和服务
            4. accrual basis
         4. 如果能 derived 还没有 received， tax whole sales price at the date of sale
            1. Jrowe & Sone
      6. deductions
         1. case
            1. Annual leave
            2. FCT v James Flood Pty Ltd
            3. p534
            4. 公司要deduct未来支付的annually leave
            5. 必须等到员工takee his holiday leave and money is paid
            6. not deductible at least in this financial year
            7. Insurance： provisions
            8. RACV insurance v FCT
            9. p535
            10. 保险公司set aside the amt that 事故已经发生并且claim但是没有report
            11. 法院认为这些estimated liability可以作为deduction项目
            12. city什么鬼case
8. WK10 Partner and partnership
   1. Issues and Challenges
      1. net income of the pa.ship?
         1. 基本上和taxable income差不多
      2. partner's 工资
         1. 给partner的时候是不会有deduct的
      3. distribution of pa.ship div. income and franking credits
      4. CGT of p. assets
         1. 直接在partner的income而不是partnership的income
      5. Tax treatment of interest
         1. partnership会有tax deduction
   2. Partnership
      1. definition
         1. s90-94
         2. s995-1
            1. 一帮人carrying on business as parteners
            2. jointly收ordinary income or statutory income
         3. common law:
            1. cox v hick man
   3. tax law partnership
      1. joint ownership，不仅仅只是carry on business
      2. Case
         1. FCT v McDonald
            1. p598
            2. 丈夫和妻子共同own一个property, loss丈夫全部承担
            3. 法院认为if there is a statutory ownership, the net income /loss must be divided in accordance with the proportion of owenerships
            4. 不能全部deductible
   4. partnership tax return
      1. s91
         1. partnership 有 obligation去prepare an income tax return as if it were a resident taxpayer
         2. partnership是不pay的
      2. s92
         1. partner themselves pay tax 按比例分配
      3. s106-5
         1. CGT的gain/ loss are calculated at the partner level
   5. Taxation of partnership
      1. 三步走
         1. 计算partnership的整体net income or loss
            1. s90
         2. 决定每个partner的share of the net income or loss
            1. s92
         3. 调整他们的 assessable income
            1. 工资
            2. interest payment to/from partnership
            3. capital gain / loss
            4. s106-5(1)
            5. 每个p的interest in a pa.ship asset 是独立CGT asset
            6. s108-5(2)(c)
            7. dividend of partnerships
   6. 如果partners leaving and joining
      1. 如果partner leaves, 其他人可以买他的部分
         1. 但是如果要再出售给outside，会涉及CGT
      2. A加入B&C, B&C买了share给A
   7. 计算net income 或者loss
      1. 付给partner的interest（关于他们带来的capital）是不能deductible的
         1. FCT v Beville
            1. p604
      2. 付给partner的interest如果是partner借给par.ship的钱 是可以deductible的
      3. 付给external borrowing的Interest是可以deductible的
         1. FCT v roberts
      4. salaries给partner的是不可以deductible的
         1. FCT v Re Scott
            1. p603
            2. 总之就是partnership无法自己雇佣自己，所以无法pay salaru
            3. no deduction
         2. 如果一年有NI $100, pay了120给partner
            1. 在future year里另外20也是assessable的
9. WK11 Company and shareholders非常重要
   1. Dividend
      1. definition s6(1)
         1. any distribution made to shareholder
         2. any amount credited to shareholder
      2. imputation system
         1. 公司层面缴税会给股东层面一个credit
         2. Maximum franking credit = frankable distribution * 30% /(1-30%)
            1. s202-60(2)
         3. maximum franking credit的时候，就是fully franked div.
      3. 影响方向
         1. resident
            1. individual
            2. Gross-up and tax offest
            3. s207-20
            4. 如何算gross-up?
            5. div amt * company tax rate/(1-company tax rate) * franking%
            6. s207-20
            7. 如果存在excess tax offset
            8. 可以refund
            9. s67-25
            10. company
            11. gross-up and tax offset
            12. s207-20
            13. franking credit in dividend
            14. s205-15
            15. excess tax offset是没有refund的
         2. non-resident
            1. wk12讨论
            2. non-resident shareholders
            3. 直接给div
            4. gross-up and tax offset不能apply
            5. s207-70
            6. fully franked dividend
            7. 属于non-assessable non-exempt income
            8. s128D
            9. 如果是unfranked part of dividend- withholding tax applies
            10. 客官详见wk12
   2. TESTS不考
   3. Tax consolidation
      1. 非常复杂 一旦开始consolidate
         1. irrevocable
            1. s703-50
            2. once in, all sub. members must join consol.
            3. s703-5
         2. Single Entity Rule
            1. only one taxpayer
            2. intra-group transaction
            3. 忽略
            4. pre-consolidation losses:transferred to head company if pass certain tests
      2. membership requirements
         1. 母公司 s703-15(2)
         2. 子公司 s703-15(2)
10. wk12 international taxation
    1. Issues
       1. either about
          1. taxing non-residents on Australian Soured income
             1. 包括
             2. Withholding tax
             3. Tax treaties
          2. taxing Australian residents on foreign soured income
             1. 包括
             2. foreign tax offsets
             3. Non-portfolio dividends
             4. Foreign branch income
             5. 为了避免双重征税
             6. 对抗避税
             7. accrual taxation of passive income and transfer pricing
    2. 重点：withholding tax
       1. p685
       2. 针对passive income
          1. dividends
             1. s128B（1）
             2. derived by a non-resident and paid by resident
             3. 如果是fully franked就不用征税
          2. interest
             1. S128 （2）&(2A)
             2. 基本都适用于withholding tax
             3. 四钟情况
             4. 居民pay给非居民
             5. 非居民有Australia branch, this branch pay interest给另一个non-resident
             6. 不重要
             7. 不重要
          3. royalties
             1. S128（2B）&（2C）
             2. 四中情况同int
    3. 重点：Tax treaties
       1. p694
       2. 考试考到tax treaties必然考与美帝国际的non-resident的withholding tax
       3. 特点
          1. double tax treaties because of overlaps in residence and source tax systems
          2. bilateral
          3. overrides domestic law
       4. 到时候看具体的treaties
    4. 重点：对于non-resident的CGT
       1. Taxable property类型
          1. taxable Australian real property
          2. indirect interest in Australian real property
          3. 外国人的PE使用的business asset
          4. option或者rights用来acquireyyi还是那个所有的东西
          5. 延迟确认的capital gain/loss ，当他的主人ceases to be an Australian resident时
       2. CGT and non-resident
          1. 非居民不能有50%的CGT discount
             1. Div.115
          2. Taxable Australian property
             1. s855-15
             2. real property in Australia
             3. s855-20
             4. Asset used in carrying on a business in Australia by a foreign resident
             5. options用来aquaire以上的东西