1. Extraction
   1. mineral
      1. compound of the metal
         1. gold in pure form
      2. found in unwanted rock
   2. extraction
      1. physical separation form unwanted rock
      2. chemically broken down to obtain the metal
2. Reactivity of metals
   1. 1) Potassium
   2. 2) sodium
   3. 3) calcium
   4. 4) magnesium
   5. 5) aluminium
   6. CARBON
   7. 6) zinc
   8. 7) iron
   9. 8) lead
   10. 9) copper
   11. 10) silver
   12. 11) gold
   13. electrolysis: most reactive metals
   14. heat oxides with carbon
   15. pure elements
3. Aluminium
   1. ore
      1. bauxite
         1. purified to white powder
         2. aluminium oxide
   2. extraction from Al2O3
      1. melting / dissolving
         1. melting point 2000C
            1. too high
         2. dissolve in molten CRYOLITE
            1. aluminium compound
            2. lowers cost
      2. ions move
      3. electric current
         1. very large quantities
         2. cheap source needed
            1. country with lots of hydroelectric power
      4. anode
         1. carbon
         2. 2O2-(l) ---> O2(g) + 4e-
         3. O2 + carbon anode ---> CO2
            1. replace rods
      5. cathode
         1. carbon-lined steel case
         2. Al3+ (l) + 3e- ---> Al (l)
4. Copper, Iron, Lead, Zinc
   1. malachite
      1. Copper (II) carbonate
      2. heat with carbon
   2. stage 1
      1. malachite decomposition
      2. Copper carbonate ---> coper(II) oxide + carbon dioxide
      3. CuCO3 (s)---> CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
   3. stage 2
      1. Copper (II) Oxide reduced by carbon
      2. Copper(II) oxide + carbon ---> copper + carbon dioxide
      3. 2CuO(s) + C(s) ---> 2Cu(s) + CO2 (g)