1. Cardiology
2. Blood
   1. Functions
      1. carry oxygen,nutrients,hormones and water that needed by the cells
      2. carry away the waste materials and carbon dioxide from produced by the cells
   2. Composition
      1. plasma
         1. water
         2. protein
            1. fibrin
            2. immunoglobulins
            3. albumin
         3. other dissolved materials
   3. hematopoiesis
      1. Aplasia
      2. Pancytopenia
3. Blood Vessels
4. Heart
   1. Location
      1. cone-shaped
      2. in the thoracic cavity, between two lungs
      3. size of fist
      4. weight less than 0.5kg
   2. Function
      1. distribution of nutrients,water,oxygen,and hormones
      2. carry away the waste materials
   3. Structure
      1. Outside
         1. pericardial sac
            1. outer parietal layer
            2. pericardial cavity
            3. pericardial fluid
            4. Disease: pericarditis
            5. inner visceral layer
         2. Wall
            1. epicardium
            2. myocardium
            3. Disease: Pancarditis
            4. endocardium
            5. 子主题 1
            6. Disease: Pancarditis
      2. Inside
         1. Four chambers
            1. Upper
            2. Left atrium
            3. 子主题 1
            4. Right atrium
            5. separated by interatrial septum
            6. Lower
            7. Left ventricle
            8. Right ventricle
            9. separated by interventricular septum
         2. Four valves
            1. aortic valve
            2. 子主题 1
            3. pulmonic valve
            4. tricuspid valve
            5. bicuspid valve
            6. Semilunar Valves
            7. Regurgitation
            8. Insufficiency
            9. Atrioventricular Valves
         3. Four Vessels
            1. Aorta
            2. Pulmonary Artery
            3. Superior or inferior vena cava
            4. Pulmonary vein
   4. Conductive system
      1. pacemaker
         1. sinoatrial node(SA node)
      2. atrioventricular node(AV node)
      3. bundle of His
      4. right and left bundle branches
      5. Perkinje fibers
   5. Activities
      1. diastole
         1. diastolic pressure
      2. systole
         1. systolic pressure
      3. Blood circulation
         1. Pulmonary circulation
         2. Systemic circulation
      4. Heart beat
         1. irregular
            1. Arrhythmia
         2. below 60
            1. bradycardia
         3. above 100
            1. tachycardia
      5. cardiac output
         1. congestive heart failure
      6. hypertension
         1. stroke