1. Time
   1. ... when / whenever / before / until / till / after ...
   2. ... since ...
   3. ... as he ...
   4. ... while ...
   5. ... now that ...
2. Reference
   1. ... regarding / concerning ...
   2. ... with respect / regard / reference to ...
   3. ... in regard / reference to ...
3. To empathise a point
   1. Indeed
   2. Naturally
   3. Clearly
   4. Obviously
   5. Of course
   6. Needless to say
4. To express reality
   1. It is a fact that
   2. In effect
   3. In fact as a matter of fact / the fact of the matter is (that)
   4. Actually
   5. In practice
   6. Indeed
5. To express the difference between appearance and reality
   1. Initially / At first, ... but .....
6. To give examples
   1. For instance /For example , ....
   2. .... , such as / like ....
   3. .... particularly / in particular / especially ....
7. To make general statements
   1. As a (general ) rule ....
   2. By and large ...
   3. Generally / In general ...
   4. On the whole ...
8. To make partially correct statements
   1. Up to a point .... but ....
   2. To a certain extent / degree
   3. To some extent degree
   4. In a sense
   5. In a way
   6. To a limited extent
9. To express limit of knowledge
   1. To my best of my knowledge
   2. As far as I know
10. To state other people's opinion
    1. It is popularly believed that ...
    2. People often claim that ...
    3. It is often alleged that ...
    4. Some people / Many argue that ...
    5. Most people feel that ...
    6. Some people point out that ...
    7. Contrary to popular belief, ...
11. To make contrasting points
    1. .... yet / however / nevertheless / but / even so / still / nonetheless ....
    2. Although / Even though / Regardless of the fact that .... , ....
    3. In spite of the fact that / Despite the fact that / While ..., ....
12. To express balance
    1. Opponents of .... argue / claim /believe that .....
    2. While it is true to say that .... , in fact .....
    3. the fact that .... contradicts the belief / idea that .....
13. Negative addition
    1. Neither ... nor ... are ...
    2. ... is not ....; Nor / Neither is ....
    3. ... is not .... and .... is not either
14. To give an alternative
    1. .... either ... or .....
    2. On the other hand / Alternatively , ...
15. To express comparison
    1. .... is as .... as ...
    2. .... is more .... than ...
    3. .... is twice as ... as ...
    4. .... is less .... than ...