1. ANDREWS, VON FISCHERZ & GEORGE, LTD.
2. MUSTARD & COMPANY
3. CALDBECK, MACGREGOR & CO.
4. RACINE, ACKERMANN & CIE [SOCIETE ANONYME]
5. System/configuration of representations (P5)
   1. Page landscapes
   2. Copy models
      1. Long descriptive text
      2. Realistic image of the package/product
      3. Easy to read trademark
      4. Play on typography
      5. Rare illustrations (peoples or lively scenes)
      6. No genuine title or slogan
      7. Except for enterprising American dailies, no effort to attract the reader, very austere and dull appearance of British and Chinese newspapers designed to meet old British standards , limited to "matter-of-fact" plain announcements
   3. Discursive styles
      1. Residual hyperbolic style
         1. Exaggeration
         2. Superlative tone
         3. Universal panacea (to cure everyone and everything)
      2. Prominent rational style
         1. Royal or aristocratic patronage
         2. Warning against imitations
         3. Long educational and descriptive texts (reason-why copy)
   4. Appeals
      1. Health
      2. Economy
      3. Safety
      4. Comfort
6. System/configuration of actors (P3, P4)
   1. Advertising agents/professionals
      1. No genuine advertising agencies in Shanghai (and China)
         1. No foreign agencies with branch offices in Shanghai or even China
         2. A few pioneering Shanghai-based agencies
            1. A.G. Mink (China Advertising Company) (1905-1921) first call for a regulation and taxation of outdoor advertising, inspired by London and other Western cities (SMA)
            2. Oriental Advertising Agency (before 1912)
            3. Harvey Advertising & Billposting Agency (before 1914)
            4. China Publicity Company (1914)
         3. So-called advertising "agents" are simply brokers, often living a "hand-to-mouth" existence, or exclusively representing a few mediums
         4. First full-service/integrated agencies were founded after 1919, directly derived from the WWI propaganda organizations and war information services (ComPub)
            1. Chun Mei News Agency (1918) (first devoted to translation and mere placement of advertisements from American companies in the Chinese press)
            2. Carl Crow, Inc. (1918): derived from Chun Mei News Agency, first full-service American advertising agency
      2. Advertising/publicity departments of large companies
         1. Press/Publishing companies
            1. North China Herald (1850)/Daily News (1864)
            2. Shenbao (1872)
            3. Oriental Press/Presse Orientale (1897)
            4. Commercial Press (1906)
         2. Large general import houses
         3. Tobacco industry
            1. Briish-American Tobacco (1905)
         4. Early Chinese pharmaceutical firms
            1. International Dispensary (1906) co-founded by HUANG Chujiu (黃楚九 )
         5. Petroleum industry
            1. Standard Oil (1903)
   2. Business sectors, advertised goods or services, advertisers and brandnames
      1. Beauty/Appearance
         1. ANGLO-AMERICAN SHOE CO.
         2. HIRSBRUNNER & COMPANY
         3. STOKES & WOODS EXCLUSIVE TAILORS
         4. TAJIMA BROTHERS & COMPANY
         5. CHING WOO ZEANG
         6. MO CHEE
         7. AU CHIC PARISIEN [FLINT, MADAME M.]
         8. EASTERN DYEING AND DRY CLEANING CO. OF HONGKONG [THE]
         9. DAL SONG. & COMPANY [LUEN WO]
         10. ULLMANN & CO., J. [LAROCHE & CIE]
         11. WHITELEY & COMPANY
         12. ARTS AND CRAFT, LTD. [formerly ARTS & CRAFTS FURNISHING COMPANY, LTD, 1908-1909]
         13. DAL SONG. & COMPANY [LUEN WO]
         14. JAQUES & COMPANY, A.H.
         15. KU'EN KEE
         16. SHANGHAI FURNITURE FACTORY
         17. TUNG LEE & COMPANY
         18. WELLINGTON MILLS
         19. WHITEAWAY, LAIDLAW & COMPANY, LTD.
         20. HALL & HOLTZ, LTD.
         21. GIBB, JNO, MCGREGOR, JR.
         22. 三井鞋帽莊
         23. 鄭祥泰皮貨號
         24. 鳳祥新記銀樓
         25. 達興總公司
         26. 億德洋行
         27. 桃谷順天館
         28. 上海盆湯弄絲業會館
         29. 湖北氈呢公司
         30. 寗波江東後塘街餘通織襪公司
         31. North China Daily News
         32. Shenbao
      2. Culture
         1. NORTH CHINA DAILY NEWS & HERALD, LTD.
         2. TUNG-WEN TRANSLATION OFFICE
         3. BECHSTEIN (C.) PIANOFORTEFABRIK AG [BECHSTEIN]
         4. ROBINSON PIANO CO. LTD (THE) [Sole Agents]
         5. LAI CHONG [LAI CHONG PHOTO CO.]
         6. JOSEPH GILLOTT [WILLIAM MITCHELL LTD.]
            1. Joseph Gillott's Pens
         7. MACNIVEN & CAMERON, LTD.
            1. Waverley Pen
         8. MARIE TODD & CO.
            1. "Swan" Fountpen
         9. NELLEMAN, L.
         10. NÖSSLER & CO., MAX
         11. OLIVER TYPEWRITER COMPANY
             1. Oliver Typewriter
         12. REMINGTON TYPEWRITER AND BOOK-KEEPING MACHINE AGENCY
             1. Remington Typewriter
         13. WIESINGER & CO., LD., OTTO, G.M.B.
             1. Royal Typewriter
         14. 鄭祥泰皮貨號
         15. 鳳祥新記銀樓
         16. 達興總公司
         17. 億德洋行
         18. 坤寳女子營業社
         19. 務商中學
         20. 中華法律專門學校
         21. 中國女子體操學校
         22. CHINESE Y.M.C.A. COLLEGE 青年會附屬中學堂
         23. COMMERCIAL PRESS 商務印書館
         24. FUDAN UNIVERSITY 復旦公學
         25. JIANGSU FIRST AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL 江蘇省立第一農業學校
         26. 蘇州景海女學校
         27. 民生女學校
         28. 蘇州東吳大學
         29. 中國體操學校
         30. 南洋路礦學校附屬高等小學
         31. 因宜學社
         32. 靶子場明强學校
         33. 文明書局
         34. 美記外國紙行
         35. 寰球尊孔會
         36. 勝家縫紉女學校
         37. SHENBAO 申報館
         38. 富華工廠
         39. MOUTRIE & COMPANY, S., LIMITED
         40. North China Daily News
      3. Engineering & Industry
         1. ARNHOLD, KARBERG & CO
         2. BEROIDS LAUNCH AND ENGINE CO., (THE ) (GLASGOW)
         3. CHINA GENERAL ENGINEERING COMPANY (THE)
         4. CHINESE ENGINEERING & MINING COMPANY, LIMITED [THE]
         5. DITMAR, BRUNNER BROS. LTD., R.
         6. DUNCAN & COMPANY
         7. FAWCETT, PRESTON & CO. LD.
         8. GOODRICH COMPANY, B.F.
         9. GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO. LD.
         10. JACKS & COMPANY, WILLIAM
         11. KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION
         12. LIDDELL BROTHERS & COMPANY
         13. MANO & COMPANY
         14. MATHER & PLATT, LIMITED
         15. MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, LiMITED
         16. OLIVIER IMPORT AND EXPORT COMPANY
         17. SHANGHAI HORSE BAZAAR & MOTOR COMPANY, LTD. [THE]
         18. SHANGHAI MACHINE COMPANY
         19. TRUSSED CONCRETE STEEL CO.
         20. WIESINGER & CO., LD., OTTO, G.M.B.
         21. WILKINSON, HEYWOOD & CLARK, LTD.
         22. YAH LOONG & COMPANY
         23. SHEWAN, TOMES & COMPANY
         24. ONODA CEMENT COMPANY, LIMITED
         25. BUCHHEISTER & BIDWELL
         26. ROSE, DOWNS & THOMPSON, LIMITED
         27. 巴黎銀公司
         28. 普益達記國貨機器公司
         29. 大支社
         30. 青州水門汀有限公司
         31. 漢冶萍[招商局]
         32. GUMMIWERKE HEINRICH PETER & CO.
         33. 盛昌公司
         34. 瑞泰祥燭棧　
      4. Finance & Service
         1. BANK OF CHINA
         2. BANK OF TAIWAN [THE]
         3. BANQUE BELGE POUR L'ETRANGER, S.A. [SOCIETE GENERALE DE Belgique]
         4. BANQUE DE L'INDO-CHINE
         5. CATHAY TRUST, LIMITED [THE]
         6. CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND CHINA
         7. COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA [IMPERIAL BANK OF CHINA]
         8. DEUTSCH-ASIATISCHE BANK
         9. HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION [alias H.S.B.C]
         10. KURYU & CO.
         11. NETHERLANDS TRADING SOCIETY [NEDERLANDSCHE HANDEL MAATSCHAPPY]
         12. RUSSO-ASIATIC BANK
         13. WATTIE & CO. LIMITED, J.A. [Secretaries and General Manager]
         14. SOCIETE FRANCO-CHINOISE DE CREDIT
         15. AMERICAN TRADING COMPANY [THE]
         16. ANDERSEN, MEYER & CO. [General Agents for China]
         17. ARNHOLD, KARBERG & COMPANY [General Agents]
         18. Bower, Hanbury & Company [PROBST, HANBURY & COMPANY]
         19. BURKILL & SONS, A.R.
         20. COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED
         21. EQUITABLE FIRE & ACCIDENT OFFICE, LIMITED [THE] [alias EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF THE UNITED STATES, THE?]
         22. EXCESS INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED
         23. FIRE LONDON AND LANCASHIRE ROYAL EXCHANGE
         24. GENERAL ACCIDENT, FIRE AND LIFE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, LTD. [FAR EASTERN MANAGER]
         25. ILBERT & CO., LTD. [Agents, Shanghai]
         26. LAW UNION AND ROCK INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED
         27. LONDON AND LANCASHIRE FIRE INSURANCE
         28. LONDON ASSURANCE CORPORATION [THE]
         29. MACKINNON MACKENZIE & COMPANY
         30. MAGDEBOURG FIRE INSURANCE CO.
         31. MUSTARD & COMPANY [Agents, Shanghai]
         32. NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
         33. NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE CO.
         34. QUEEN INSURANCE COMPANY, (THE) [ROYAL INSURANCE CO., LTD.]
         35. REISS & COMPANY, HUGO
         36. RHENISH MARINE ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION, LD. (THE)
         37. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION OF LONDON [alias ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY?]
         38. ROYAL INSURANCE CO., LTD.
         39. RUSSIA INSURANCE COMPANY
         40. SANDER, WIELER & CO. (Agents)
         41. MACDONALD & COMPANY, THOMAS, [alias SOONG MOW]
         42. SLEVOGT & COMPANY
         43. SOUTH BRITISH INSURANCE CO. LD
         44. STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
         45. WESTPHAL, KING & RAMSAY LIMITED [formerly KING, SON AND RAMSAY, 1904-1908, W.W. KING AND SON, 1892-1904]
         46. CHINA REALTY COMPANY, LIMITED
         47. BRADLEY & CO. LTD.
         48. BOWERN & COMPANY
         49. BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE
         50. CHINA MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD
         51. MOORE & COMPANY, L., LIMITED
         52. NOEL, MURRAY & COMPANY, LIMITED
         53. FUNDER & CO., W.
         54. HOPKINS, DUNN & COMPANY, LIMITED
         55. YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK LIMITED
         56. 中華銀行
         57. 裝日清公司
         58. 公泰土行
         59. LION MUTUAL PROVIDENT LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY 延豐益壽保險儲蓄會社
         60. LONDON INSURANCE COMPANY
         61. 中國華安合羣保壽有限公司
         62. 亨達銀箱洋行
         63. 延年公司
         64. 延年保壽保司
         65. 愛衆聯保壽險公司
         66. 愛衆聯保壽險有限公
         67. 太古BS火險公司
         68. 柯里仁火險公司
         69. 叭喇定火險公司
         70. 雙司勞哈其火險公司
         71. 家定保險公司
         72. 華安合羣保壽公司
         73. 華洋人壽公司
         74. 華僑合衆人壽保險有限公司
         75. 愼昌洋行
         76. 意奎推勃而火險有限公司
         77. TATA & COMPANY
         78. THORNE, BROS. & COMPANY
         79. BOWER, HANBURY & COMPANY
         80. 担文公館 [担文大律師]
         81. 達商大律師
         82. 吳縣拍賣虎邱房屋
         83. 寳和洋行
         84. 潤記洋行
         85. 沃沛律師
         86. 龔鐸宋鈞培大律師
      5. Health
         1. BEETHAM & SON, M.
         2. COMPAGNIE DU VIN SAINT-RAPHAEL, VALENCE [Drome, France]
         3. SHANGHAI CHEMICAL LABORATORY
         4. SLEVOGT & COMPANY
         5. SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN BASLE [Basle, Switzerland, Pharmaceut. Depart.]
         6. VOELKEL & SCHROEDER LTD. [Shanghai]
         7. HORLICK'S MALTED MILK COMPANY, LTD.
         8. LLEWELLYN & CO., LTD
         9. SIN HAO & CO.
         10. FINDLEY, DR. W.T.
         11. LAZARUS, N. [OPTICIANS]
         12. RASMUSSEN, DR. O.D. [OPTICIAN]
         13. KOFA AMERICAN DRUG COMPANY
         14. SCOTT & BOWNE MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS
         15. SIEMSSEN & COMPANY
         16. WATSON'S MINERAL WATERS CO., LTD [Authorized Bottler]
         17. ANGLO-CHINESE DISPENSARY
         18. ANSHOH & COMPANY
         19. ASSOCIATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE
         20. BRITISH DISPENSARY
         21. CARLOWITZ & COMPANY
         22. INTERNATIONAL DISPENSARY [FIVE CONTINENTS DRUGSTORE]
         23. GREAT EASTERN DISPENSARY
         24. Holland China Handels Compagnie, N. V.
         25. Kobayashi & Company
         26. LLEWELLYN & CO., LTD
         27. ORIMAULT
         28. Roese Brothers
         29. SCHMIDT & COMPANY, LIMITED
         30. 三角 (Sanjiao) [Triangle]
         31. 恒孚土棧
         32. ZHOU Minqi, Dr. 周鳴岐醫生
         33. 廣東仙壽窩
         34. 懷德堂老醫局
         35. 存濟局周文卿
         36. 京都天寳齋
         37. 彭壽堂藥房
         38. 和盛東號土行
         39. 美國璧柯臣
         40. 天經洋行
         41. 光華堂大藥房
         42. 彭壽堂藥房
         43. 崔氏瓣香廬驥雲氏
         44. 蘇州尤松泉門人張希孟女士醫庽
         45. 女子振業公司
         46. 東亞商社
         47. 明强醫院
         48. 仁濟醫館
         49. 南洋勸業會
         50. 英國駱醫生總藥局
         51. 華粹國貨公司
         52. 老合盛土行
         53. 上海作新戒烟醫院
         54. 鴻泰宇號
         55. 頣南堂
         56. 汪家田醫生
         57. 清芬堂醫藥室 [崔濟方醫生]
         58. 元茂土棧
         59. 屈氏大藥房
         60. 中國公立醫院
         61. 高拔士眼科專家
         62. Goddard, Dr. John
         63. Toa & Company 東亞公司
      6. Leisure & Pleasure
         1. ABDULLA & COMPANY, LTD.
         2. TABAQUERIA FILIPINA, LTD [THE]
         3. CALDBECK, MACGREGOR & CO.
         4. CUTLER, PALMER & COMPANY
         5. DAI NIPPON BREWERY CO. LTD [THE]
         6. GARNER, QUELCH & CO.
         7. KAMP & CO.
         8. PERRIER, B. & E.
         9. A.D.C. THEATRE [alias CUADC - CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY DRAMATIC CLUB]
         10. APOLLO THEATRE
         11. VICTORIA THEATRE
         12. WEEKS & COMPANY, LTD.
         13. ROBERTS & CO. LD., JOHN
         14. SAVOY HOTEL
         15. LANE CRAWFORD & COMPANY, LIMITED
         16. HALL & HOLTZ, LTD.
         17. MOUTRIE & COMPANY
         18. SIEMSSEN & COMPANY
         19. BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY (CHINA), LTD.
         20. HENNESSY & COMPANY, JAS
         21. RONDON & COMPANY, LIMITED, LOUIS
         22. SLEVOGT & COMPANY
         23. DAWUTAI DACING HALL 大舞台
         24. PATHE-ORIENT, LTD. 百代公司
         25. 開明社
         26. 醒舞臺
         27. 東京活動影戲園
         28. 客棧召頂
         29. 醒舞臺
         30. 丹桂第一台
         31. 中舞臺
         32. 法界迎仙鳳舞臺
         33. 丹桂和記茶園
         34. 羣仙茶園
         35. 南京新武台
         36. 法界歌舞台民鳴新劇社
         37. 商辦鏡花戲園
         38. 得利公司
         39. 鳴盛梨園原址
         40. 新民新劇社
         41. 新民新劇社
         42. 漢口大旅館
      7. Nutrition
         1. HORLICK'S MALTED MILK COMPANY, LTD.
         2. VENTURI, F. [VENTURIS' SPECTIAL STORE OF ITALIAN PROVISION]
         3. NEW GERMAN BAKERY AND CONFECTIONERY
         4. RICHARD NEUMANN [THE GERMAN BUTCHER]
         5. SWEETMEAT CASTLE [RESTAURANT]
         6. STURH & CO., C.
         7. PATELL & COMPANY
         8. ALLEN & HANBURYS LIMITED
         9. BADOIT ? [et/ou COMPAGNIE FERMIERE DE L'ETABLISSEMENT THERMAL DE VICHY (CFV)]
         10. DOMBEY & SON
         11. SOEY CHONG [TEA DEALER]
         12. 廣東種（德）
      8. Publicity/propaganda
         1. SHANGHAI SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS [THE]
      9. Urban service, energy & transportation
         1. FAR EASTERN OXYGEN AND ACETYLENE CO, LD. [THE]
         2. LIVIO SILVA, D.C. D.S.C., M.A.I.M.E.
         3. MITSUI & CO.
         4. MUNICIPAL ELECTRICY DEPARTMENT [OFFICE]
         5. SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY [S.M.R.], DAIREN
         6. AMERICAN TRADING COMPANY [THE]
         7. AUSTRIAN LLOYD
         8. BRITISH-INDIA STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY, LTD. [alias B.I.S.N. CO., LD.]
         9. BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE
         10. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY CO. ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIP LINE [C.P.]
         11. CHINA NAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED [C.N. CO., LTD]
         12. EASTERN AND AUSTRALIAN STEAMSHIP CO. LTD., [E. & A.]
         13. KAWASAKI DOCKYARD CO. LTD
         14. MAGILL & COMPANY, JAMES
         15. MELCHERS & COMPANY
         16. MESSAGERIES MARITIMES DE France, M.M.
         17. MITSU BISHI DOCKYARD & ENGINE WORKS
         18. MITSU BISHI GOSHI KWAISHA [COAL DEPARTMENT] [MITSU BISHI CO.]
         19. MORDUCOVITCH, M.A. [Agent Russian Volunteer Fleet]
         20. NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD BREMEN [N.D.L.]
         21. OWEN, A.R. [Agent]
         22. PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP [P.M.] [alias PORTLAND ASIATIC S.S. KAI CO., OCCIDENTAL & ORIENTAL STEAMSHIP CO. [alias TOYO KISEN SHA, ORIENTAL S.S. CO.]
         23. RACINE, ACKERMANN & CIE [SOCIETE ANONYME]
         24. SASSOON & CO., DAVID
         25. SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY [S.M.R.], DAIREN
         26. TAIKOO DOCKYARD AND ENGINEERING CO. OF HONGKONG, LIMITED [THE]
         27. THORNYCROFT & CO. LTD., JOHN I.
         28. TOYO KISEN KAISHA [T.K.K.]
         29. YOKOHAMA DOCK CO., LTD. [THE]
         30. SHANGHAI GAS COMPANY, LIMITED 上海自來火公司
         31. NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA [N.Y.K.] [JAPAN MAIL STEAMSHIP CO.] 日本郵船會社
         32. PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL STEAMSHIP NAVIGATION COMPANY [P. & O. S.N. CO.]
         33. Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha 郵船株式會社
         34. 督辦浦口商埠
         35. 廣東自來水公司
         36. 庽滬西人工部公局電氣處
         37. 浙路公司
         38. 廣東粤漢鐵路公司
         39. 同和老棧
         40. 恒泰土棧
         41. 怡成土棧
         42. 祥盛土棧
         43. 光成土棧
         44. 新泰土棧
         45. 瑞昌土棧
         46. 同泰盛土棧
         47. 義勇艦隊公司
         48. 安裕土棧
         49. 廣東移此協和成土棧
         50. 鴻泰祥土棧
         51. 和順土棧
         52. 大同棧
         53. 滬甯鐵路
         54. 津浦鐵路
         55. 藍裕昌土棧
   3. Consumers/Markets
      1. Before the arrival of American firms, domination of European advertisers who primarily addressed foreign and Chinese elites
   4. No concern for reaching China "from top to bottom" with a variety of products
7. System/configuration of mediums (P1, P2, P3, P6)
   1. Outdoor/3D advertising
      1. Crude ballyhoo" and "primitive" easy-to-understand methods used by Chinese merchants
         1. Flags, banners
         2. Gaudily colored posters merely "sniped" on walls or fences
         3. Parades
         4. Gifts of puzzles or calendars
         5. Kites
         6. Junks, sampans (painted signs thereon)
         7. Itinerant story-tellers
      2. Billposting/Sniping: Posters usually merely "sniped" on walls, fences, other painted signs, boards, posters or any other surfaces
      3. Emergence of standardized billboards/hoardings (either painted or using paper posters)
         1. A.G. Hickmott 1906-1907 (SMA)
         2. BAT small tin boards (1912) (SMA)
         3. OAA and Harvey Billbposting domainted the field in 1914 (SMA first Census)
      4. Absence of street-car advertising
         1. A few scattered cards on the inside of the cars
         2. A few painted boards or posters attached to the fenders outside
      5. Almost no electric signs outside Shanghai's "Great White Way" (Nanking Road)
         1. Department stores
         2. Electric signs advertising goods for popular consumption (cigarettes, medicines...)
      6. Motion-picture advertising undermined by cultural differences and the absence of organization devoted to film distribution
      7. No effort towards marketing and window-display ("take-it-or-leave-it" appearance) of retail stores
   2. Indoor/2D/printed advertising
      1. Press advertising
         1. Only a few valuable daily newspapers
            1. Leading Chinese newspapers with circulations of 10000 to 30000: three leading newspapers in Shanghai
            2. Shenbao (1872)
            3. Xinwenbao (1893)
            4. Shibao (before 1904) alias "Eastern Times"
            5. Secondary Chinese newspaper with circulation of no more than 3000 (usually political rather than business enterprises, depending on the precarious life of their patron, undermined by poor business management)
            6. English-language newspapers
            7. Bulk of British-owned newspapers
            8. North China Daily News (1864), with a circulation of 3500 and advertising rates from 0,22 to 1,20 U.S.$ per column inch
            9. Shanghai Times
            10. Shanghai Mercury
            11. Both formerly British dailies, yet strongly pro-Japanese in times of crisis
            12. A few American or Chinese-American joint papers
            13. China Press (1911) 大陸報 [Dalubao] with a daily circulation of 4500, advertising rates: 0,21 to 0,45 Mex.$ per column inch. Formerly American-owned, recently (before 1921) purchased by British interests
            14. Shanghai Gazette
            15. L'Echo de Chine (French)
            16. A few Japanese & Russian papers
         2. Very few foreign periodicals
            1. A few weeklies
            2. Millard's Review of the Far East (1917), with circulation of about 5000 in China (renamed China Press Weekly Review in 1923)
            3. North China Herald (1850)
            4. China and Far East Finance and Commerce: a new financial weekly
            5. Rare monthly publications
            6. Far Eastern Review: An old and widely read monthly devoted to engineering, financial and commercial subjects
         3. Lack of export trade journals
         4. 400 publications of all kinds in China before 1921
      2. Direct-by-mail advertising
      3. Catalogues
      4. Directories (no directories devoted exclusiverly to one city in China, but rather general directories)
         1. Rosenstock's Directory of China (22 Nanking Road, Shanghai)
         2. Directory and Chronicle for China, Japan, Straits Settlements the Philippines, etc (Hongkong Daiy Press, Hongkong)
      5. Calendar posters (very popular among the Chinese)
   3. Mixed mediums: printed ads distributed at a very low cost
      1. Handbills
      2. Circulars
      3. Booklets