1. signs
2. symbols
   1. information
3. formats
4. conventions
   1. Shared conventions
5. Chappe Telegraph
   1. choosing an appropriate representation for the words and numbers that are to form the message (the numeric codes and their meaning)
   2. combining these with a device that is capable of being sensed by sender and receiver and capable of the symbolic representation of the message content (the telegraph towers and arms)
   3. agreeing a convention about the way in which messages, routing information, addresses and errors are to be interpreted (operating protocols and user guides).
6. Boolean algebra
7. protocol
8. hardware interfaces
   1. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
   2. Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
9. algorithm
   1. pre-condition
   2. post-condition
   3. calculus
10. inside my computer
    1. central processing unit (CPU)
       1. parallel processing
       2. machine-language instructions
       3. control unit
          1. arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
          2. floating-point unit(FPU)
       4. Registers
          1. Accumulator
          2. Status register
          3. Program counter
             1. jump instructions
             2. conditional jump instructions
       5. Cache memory
       6. Processor clock
       7. control bus
       8. address bus
       9. data bus
       10. multi-core
    2. memory
       1. Main memory
          1. memory address
          2. random-access memory (RAM).
          3. read-only memory (ROM)
             1. boot program
             2. bootstrapping
       2. File-storage memory
          1. Secondary memory
    3. buses
    4. Electronic computation
       1. logic gates
          1. Boolean expressions
             1. AND
             2. NOT
             3. OR
             4. Logic gates
             5. (NOT A0 AND NOT B0) OR (A0 AND B0)
             6. Subtopic 1
             7. symbol for COMPARE-1
             8. Subtopic 1
             9. Comparing two 2-bit binary symbols
             10. compare2
             11. compare 3 bits
             12. compare3
       2. von Neumann architecture
       3. binary notation
          1. Notation different sizes
             1. http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=643284&section=3.5.2
    5. Motherboard
    6. Operating system
       1. Provision of a user interface
       2. Management of multiple programs
       3. Management of memory.
       4. Coordination and control of peripheral devices
       5. Inclusion of other applications
    7. Machine language
       1. fetch–decode–execute cycle
    8. assembly language
       1. translators
          1. assembler
       2. mnemonic
    9. high-level programming languages
       1. translators
          1. compiler
          2. object code
       2. source code
       3. interpreter i