1. tools
   1. cheek retractor
   2. occlusal retractor
   3. Topic
   4. Topic
2. Frontal view
   1. Lift the soft tissue upwards and outwards from the buccal surface of the teeth using a lip retractor.
   2. Focusing on the lateral incisor helps ensure an adequate depth of field that will have all teeth with an acceptable focus range.
   3. Try to keep the occlusal plane horizontal, lined up with the top or bottom edge of the viewfinder.
   4. Take one shot of the intercuspal position
   5. second shot with the patient in a resting position showing “free space.”
3. occlusal view
   1. the lower mandible
      1. requires the use of a mouth mirror.
      2. the patient should be encouraged to relax the tongue and if possible, to keep it behind the mirror, pressing upwards toward the palate
      3. Use lip retractors to lift the soft tissue away from buccal tooth surfaces
   2. the upper
      1. requires the use of a mouth mirror.
      2. Use lip retractors to lift the soft tissue away from buccal tooth surfaces
      3. focus on one premolar.
      4. Establishing a 45 degree angle between the mirror and the camera for occlusal shots is recommended
      5. Positioning the mirror far enough back in the mouth
         1. to capture the upper second and third molars
         2. can elicit the gag response, so be prepared to use the same techniques you might use when taking radiographs or impressions.
4. lateral views
   1. without a mirror
      1. better to use a lip retractor with a narrow (acute) angle between the upper and lower sections
      2. the lip drawn backwards as far towards the ear as possible
      3. For the best esthetic result,
         1. watch for the lower lip escaping back over the cervical area of the lower incisors, marked with arrows in the first image on the left. By asking the patient to relax and at the same time releasing the pressure on the lip retractors slightly, it is usually possible to prevent this from happening.
   2. When using a mirror
      1. ask the patient to try to relax once the mirror has been inserted.
      2. This creates space for the cheek to be lifted outwards and permits a better angle between mirror and camera.
      3. Remember that a lingual positioning of the mirror can trigger the gag reflex. Asking the subject to keep his/her tongue relaxed and in the middle of the mouth will create more space for the mirror in the sulcus than if the subject, trying to be helpful, moves his/her tongue from one side to the other and in doing so raises the floor of the mouth.
5. 1- clinical photography manual , Astra Tech AB, Sweden 2008 2- Clinical photography: A picture can tell a thousand words , DR CHRISTOPHER CK HO,2004