1. homeostasis
   1. food in
      1. carbohydrate
         1. glucose into blood
         2. process via gut!
         3. only carbohydrates put blood sugar level up
   2. glucose removal from blood
      1. metabolism (reactions)
      2. vigorour exercise
   3. control of glucose level
      1. pancreas
      2. HORMONE
         1. INSULIN
            1. controls sugar level in blood
         2. a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
2. Diabetes (type1)
   1. pancreas
      1. not enough insulin produced
         1. blood sugar level too high
            1. DEATH!
   2. control
      1. dietary control
         1. avoid SIMPLE carbohydrate rich foods
            1. simple carbs = rapid glucose rise
      2. exercise after eating
         1. use up excess glucose
      3. Inject Insulin
         1. mealtimes
            1. especially if high in carbohydrates
         2. liver remove glucose
         3. eat sensibly
            1. blood sugar can drop
            2. dangerous!
         4. amount
            1. person dependent
            2. amount of exercise
            3. diet
         5. inject 2-4 times a day
         6. can not take a pill
            1. enzyme in stomach destroy it
   3. glucose check
      1. glucose monitoring device
      2. prick finger
         1. drop of blood to check
   4. lot of sugar in urine
   5. side effects
      1. blindness
      2. gangrene
         1. localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from obstructed circulation or bacterial infection.
   6. pancreas transplant
      1. organ can be rejected
         1. immunosuppressive drugs
            1. costly
            2. may have serious side effects
   7. transplant insulin producing cells
      1. only experimental as yet
      2. problems with rejection
   8. other theoretical
      1. stem cell research
      2. artificial pancrease
   9. health problem
      1. overweight
         1. diabetes on the rise
3. discovery
   1. pancrease removal in dog
      1. diabetic
   2. Frederick Banting & Charles Best
      1. isolated insulin (1920)
      2. tied string round pancrease
         1. insulin production bits remained
      3. removed pancrease
         1. extracted insulin
            1. injected insulin into diabatic dog
            2. watched blood sugar level drop
      4. isolated substance
      5. nobel prize 1923
   3. at first
      1. insulin from pigs & cows
      2. boil syringies
   4. genetic engineerins
      1. 1980s
      2. human insulin made
         1. slow acting
         2. intermediate
         3. fast acting
   5. syringes
      1. disposable
      2. sterile
      3. needle free devices available