1. Password Cracker:
   1. Software tool used to recover passwords from hosts or to discover weak passwords.
   2. Examples of password crackers:
      1. Cain & Abel
      2. THC-Hydra
      3. Aircrack-ng (WPA only)
      4. RainbowCrack
      5. OphCrack
   3. Password cracking methods:
      1. Guessing
      2. Dictionary Attacks
      3. Brute-Force Attacks
      4. Cryptanalysis Attacks (Rainbow Tables)
         1. Rainbow Table:
            1. In password cracking, a set of precalculated encrypted passwords located in a lookup table.
2. Salt:
   1. The randomization of the hashing process to defend against cryptanalysis password attacks and rainbow tables.