Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES)
Data Encryption Standard (DES):
An older type of block cipher selected by the U.S. federal government back in the 1970s as its encryption standard; due to its weak key, it is now considered deprecated.
Triple DES (3DES):
Similar to DES but applies the cipher algorithm three times to each cipher block.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
The successor to DES/3DES
Used with WPA and WPA2
Composed of three different block ciphers:
AES-128
AES-192
AES-256
Rivest Cipher Family (RC)
A "family" of ciphers created and published by RSA Security. There are multiple RC versions, most of which are not related aside from the fact that they are all encryption algorithms.
Blowfish and Twofish
Blowfish:
A 64-bit block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier as an alternative to DES.
Twofish:
A 128-bit block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier and based on Feistel.