1. CAUSES
   1. use od cigarettes and alcohol during pregnancy
   2. exposure to toxic substances eg. lead
   3. brain injury
   4. excessive sugar consume and unhealthy food additives
   5. genetic influences
2. ACCOMPANYING DISORDERS
   1. learning disabilities
      1. difficulties in expressing oneself in words
      2. spelling disability
      3. dyslexia
      4. arithmetic disorder
   2. Tourette syndrome
      1. facial ticks and twitches
      2. eye blinks
      3. grimacing
   3. oppositional defiant disorder
      1. defiance
      2. stubbornness
      3. outbursts of temper
   4. conduct disorder
      1. serious antisocial behavior
   5. anxiety
   6. depression
   7. bipolar disorder
      1. mood cycling between periods of intense highs and lows
3. TREATMENT
   1. Medication Management in short- and long-term forms
      1. antidepressants
      2. mood stabilizer
      3. stimulants
      4. neurotransmitters
      5. 1. don´t cure ADHD - only control symptoms on the day they are taken; 2. produce side effects such as insomnia, decreased appetite, anxiety, irritability, head- and stomachaches; 3. may lead to addiction: 80 per cent of children who needed medication still need it as teenagers, 50 per cent as adults
   2. Psychotherapy
      1. discovering self-defeating patterns of behavior by talking with the psychiatrist
      2. learning to accept oneself despite the disorder
      3. learning alternative ways to handle one´s emotions
   3. Behavioral Treatment
      1. direct help in changing the child´s thinking and behaving, practical assistance
         1. organizing schoolwork
         2. dealing with emotionally charged events
         3. controlling anger
         4. thinking before acting
         5. self-monitoring
   4. Social Skills Training
      1. developing better ways of playing and working with other children
         1. discussing appropriate behavior patterns
         2. practising them
   5. Support Groups
      1. meeting on regular basis
      2. hearing lectures from specialists
      3. sharing frustrations and successes
      4. knowing you are not alone
   6. Parenting Skills Training
      1. giving parents tools and techniques to manage their behavior
4. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
   1. providing frequent feedback
   2. immediately rewarding good work and behavior
   3. praising the child´s strengths and abilities
   4. time-out when the child becomes unruly or out of control
   5. sharing a pleasurable or relaxing activity
   6. introducing a system of rewards and penalties
   7. dividing large tasks in small steps
   8. introducing a schedule
   9. organizing everyday items
   10. using homework and notebook organizers