1. history
   1. It took almost 100 years before the first successful heart-lung machine was used on a human being
      1. Four years later the first artificial heart (made from plastic) in the western world was implanted inside a dog
   2. The National Heart Institute established the artificial heart program in 1964
      1. leading to the first total artificial heart for human use implanted in 1969
   3. The emphasis shifted to left ventricular assist systems and blood compatible materials in 1970
   4. Dr. Robert Jarvik, who invented an artificial heart called the Jarvik-7
      1. made from aluminum and plastic
      2. replaced the two lower chambers of the natural heart
      3. used two rubber diaphragms for the pumping action
      4. An external compressor the size of a refrigerator
         1. kept the artificial heart beating
   5. Barney Clark was the first patient to receive this heart
      1. survived 112 days
   6. William Schroeder became the second to receive transplant
      1. surviving for about 20 months
   7. In 1988, the National Institutes of Health began funding development
   8. Charlie Chappis became the first patient ever released from a hospital
      1. In 1999
2. advantages
   1. no need for immunosuppressive drugs
   2. readily available
   3. allows prolonged time with family and friends
3. disadvantages
   1. wearing out or failure of the electrical motor
   2. infection
   3. the need to take blood thinners to prevent clotting - See more at: http://www.healthguideinfo.com/surgical-heart-procedures/p9019/#sthash.jOVPgT0L.dpuf
   4. Stroke and bleeding are also possible complications - See more at: http://www.healthguideinfo.com/surgical-heart-procedures/p9019/#sthash.jOVPgT0L.dpuf
4. types of patients who are generally eligible
   1. advanced heart failure on maximal medical therapy
   2. An estimated life expectancy of less than one year without transplant.
   3. Objective evidence of advanced physical incapacity due to documented, isolated heart disease.
   4. Solid agreement that previous medical therapy has been optimal and that no medical therapy or surgical procedure other than transplantation offers realistic expectation of extension of life and functional improvement.
   5. Inoperable coronary artery disease with congestive heart failure.
   6. Cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscle) of various causes.
   7. Inoperable heart valve disease with congestive heart failure.
   8. Severe congenital heart disease without other surgical options.
   9. Life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms that do not respond to other therapy.
5. differences
   1. artificial heart
      1. plastic, aluminum, and Dacron polyester
      2. needs some external power source
      3. temporary
      4. alternately send blood to the lungs and then to the body
   2. normal heart
      1. living muscle
      2. sends blood to the lungs and to the body at same time
6. References
   1. http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Artificial-Heart.html
   2. http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/healthy/fake.html
   3. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/artificial+heart
   4. http://www.umm.edu/heart/elig_crit.htm
   5. http://www.healthguideinfo.com/surgical-heart-procedures/p9019/
7. function
   1. similar to the action of the natural heart
   2. duplicates the rate, output, and blood pressure of the natural heart
   3. restores hemodynamic stability, raising blood pressure and helping vital organs recover