1. Definition
   1. (1) The process in which life forms arise from similar life forms
   2. (2) It asserts that living things can only be produced by another living thing, and not by a non-living thing.
2. History
   1. life spontaneously generated
   2. evidence : living things from other living things
   3. Lazzaro Spallanzani
      1. boiled 2 sets of broth
         1. one closed
            1. not go off
         2. open on
            1. went off
            2. proof : microbes from air
   4. Theodor Schwann
      1. heated air
         1. killed microorganisms
            1. meat stayed fresh
   5. Louis Pasteur (1859)
      1. boil 2 broth
         1. one vertical open
            1. went off
            2. microbes in the air not the air itself
         2. neck with curve
            1. microbes settle in neck
            2. broth not go off
            3. air got in but not microbes
3. safe use of microorganisms
   1. grow in culture medium
      1. agar jelly in petri dish
      2. food source (agar jelly)
         1. carbohydrates
            1. energy
         2. mineral ions
         3. proteins
         4. vitamins
         5. poured when hot and sets when cold
   2. sterilise equipment
      1. stop contamination
         1. harmful substances
         2. diseases
      2. petri dishes & growth medium
      3. inoculating loops
         1. used to transfer microorganisms
         2. pass through flame
      4. petri dish
         1. lid
         2. stop air contamination
         3. tape on
   3. temperature of lab
      1. 25C
         1. harmful pathogens not grow
   4. industry
      1. higher temps
         1. grow faster