1. DNA
   1. deoxyribose nucleic acid
   2. location
      1. nucleus of animal and plant cellls
         1. chromosome
            1. long molecule of DNA
   3. Gene
      1. section of DNA
      2. instructions to make specific protein
         1. made in cell
            1. string amino acids together
            2. 20 amino acids
            3. thousands of proteins
            4. gene = tells cell, order of amino acids
   4. proteins
      1. made in cell with DNA instruction
      2. haemoglobin
      3. keratin
      4. determines the type of cell
   5. fingerprinting
      1. DNA
         1. unique
            1. except
            2. identical twins
            3. clones
         2. genetic fingerprinting
            1. unique pattern
         3. catch criminals
            1. forensic science
            2. hair
            3. skin
            4. blood
            5. semen
            6. compare suspect & crime scene
         4. identify father
            1. paternity testing
         5. cut up DNA and separate
   6. genetic database
      1. log of everyones DNA
      2. crime checks easy
      3. invasion of privacy
      4. false positives
         1. errors in procedure
         2. misinterpretation
2. Mitosis
   1. new cells
      1. growth
      2. repair
      3. same number chromosomes
         1. humans 23 pairs
            1. mother
            2. father
   2. process
      1. DNA copies
         1. forms x-shaped chromosome
         2. each arm exact duplicate
      2. chromosomes line up centre
      3. cell fibres pull chromosomes appart
         1. opposite ends of cell
      4. membranes around each set of chromosomes
      5. cytoplasm divides
   3. A sexual reproduction
      1. strawberry plant runners
3. Meiosis
   1. gamete
      1. half usual number chromosomes
      2. one copy of each chromosome
      3. human
         1. body cell : 46 chromosomes
         2. gamete : 23 chromosomes
      4. in reproductive organs
         1. ovaries
         2. testes
   2. sexual reproduction
      1. 2 gamets
         1. sex cells
         2. combine new individual
         3. one mother (egg) + one father (sperm)
         4. right number of chromosomes
   3. process
      1. first division
         1. DNA duplicated
         2. cell splits
         3. each cell one copy each chromosome
         4. cells with mixture of mother and father
      2. second division
         1. chromosomes line up
         2. arms pulled appart
         3. 4 gametes
            1. single set of chromosomes
   4. meiosis of diploid cell