1. function
   1. remove toxic waste
   2. adjust dissolved ions
   3. adjust water
2. Nephrons
   1. filtration units in kidneys
      1. 1 million in each kidney
   2. 1/ ultrafiltration
      1. 1/ high pressure
      2. 2/ squeeze out water, urea, ions
         1. from blood to Bowmans Capsule
      3. 3/ membrane
         1. between blood vessel / Bowmans Capsule
            1. filter
            2. big molecules not pass
            3. proteins
            4. blood cells
   3. 2/ Reabsorption
      1. useful substances as liquid flows along nephron
      2. all sugar reabsorbed
         1. active transportation
      3. sufficient ions reabsorbed
         1. active transportation
      4. sufficient water reabsorbed
   4. 3/ Release Wastes
      1. remaining substances inc. urea
      2. nephron - bladder
         1. urine
3. kidney failure
   1. regular dialysis
      1. machine
         1. job of kidneys
         2. expensive
         3. not pleasant
      2. 3 times a week / 3-4 hours each
      3. selectively permeable barrier
         1. around dialysis fluid
            1. same concentration as healthy blood
            2. ions
            3. glucose
         2. pass
            1. ions
            2. waste substances
            3. urea
         3. retain
            1. big molecules
            2. proteins
   2. transplant
      1. can be rejected by body
         1. immune system
         2. reject even if tissue type matches
         3. attacked by antibodies
         4. tissue type
            1. antigens
            2. surface of most cells
      2. additional treatment
         1. radiation on bone marrow
            1. stops white blood cells being produced
         2. take drugs
            1. suppress immmune system
            2. can not fight disease
            3. keep in sterile conditions for some time
      3. organ donor register
      4. living person
         1. transplant 1 of the 2 we have
      5. long waiting list
   3. concequence
      1. waste substance build up
      2. can not control
         1. ion levels
         2. water levels
      3. problems in many organs
      4. death