Neoliberal Reforms 1991
Influx of Western Culture & Media
The Russian Empire was linked to Europe, but Soviet Union closed off
Soviet Union
The police can throw your camera in lakes at will
KGB follows everyone
listens to everyone
Privatization of Economy & Natural Resources
Market "Shock therapy"
release of price and currency controls
money loses value
prices become astronomical
Release of state subsidies
Release of state tariffs and/or export controls
HIV/AIDS in Russian Domain: Links to G. of Heroin
Fastest growing HIV/AIDS infections in the world
1 Million+ living with HIV and AIDS
Brazil
United States
Russia
India
Study of HIV
Causes of the epidemic
collapse of soviet health care
hospitals run by bribery
declining health expectancy
Soviet Union: 70ish
Russian Fed: pre-1914 levels
Life expectancy for Males in Soviet Union: 53
Unemployment
Depression
disillusionment
Poverty
70% of people with HIV in Russia
Intravenous Drug users
Male
Young
This is called a concentrated epidemic
different from most HIV epidemics in the world
Not majority based in heterosexual intercourse
Infection rates doubled in 2001
why?
well, 2001 Afganistan war began
Free Afganistan manufactored huge amounts of Heroin
Opium growing restricted by the Taliban
Kandahar stronghold of Opium growing
Former Soviet Union nations have unpoliced borders
Russia was involved in Afganistan in the 1980s
Now, getting from Afganistan to Russia is easy peesy
2001
Price of Heroin drops precipiticously
Heroin use increases
Drug users are heavily stigmatized
Methadone is illegal
FSB Surveillance Society
the Russians are comfortable with constant FSB secret policing
if you go to a needle exchange, they will put you on a list
Gazprom, Ukraine, and EU
Gazprom
State owned
Created in 1989 from Ministry of Gas
Boris Yeltsin created stock/voucher system
instead of money?
if you had money, you could control the vouchers
meaning the oligarchs controlled everything
largest natural gas exporter in the world
gas supplier for post-soviet states and europe
Vladimir Putin elected in 2000
campaigned to regain state control of then only 38% of Gazprom
2006
State controls 51% of Gazprom
Ukraine
1990s
Ukraine starts disputing Russian gas transport
how gas is supplied
price
vital russian gas transport way
Russians accuse Ukraine of stealing gas
selling to Europe
2008
Ukraine paid half of European price
Gazprom hikes the rates only to Ukraine
2009
Ukraine owed 2.4 bil to Gazprom
Gazprom insists on the whole 2.4 or else
middle of January, dangerous times to have cold homes
1/1/2009
Gazprom shut down supplies to Ukraine itself
European gas still flowing through
1/5/2009
Putin orders Gazprom to stop shipping to the EU
1/18/2009
Multi-lateral talks resume gas shipments
Russia
Ukraine
European Union Mediator
1/20/2009
Gas begins to flow again
European Union
The Russian Inferiority Compelx
Putin's presidency was based on reasserting Russian dominance of their former Sphere of Influence