1. Constructivist Approach
   1. Fosters active learning environments
      1. Learner-Centered
         1. Links learning to experiences
      2. Knowledge-Centered
         1. Links learning to problem solving
      3. Assessment-Centered
         1. Links learning to self-reflection & on-going assessment
      4. Community-Centered
         1. Links learning to student/community connection
2. Learners connect through shared experiences, communication, and group interaction.
   1. Social Presence
      1. Community of Inquiry (CoI Framework)
         1. Teaching Presence
            1. Learners connect to the teacher who has a clear design, supportive facilitation, and direct instruction.
      2. Cognitive Presence
         1. Learners connect through discussion, reflection, and activities.
3. Industrial Era Distance Learning
   1. Brainstorming One
      1. Subtopic 1
      2. Subtopic 2
      3. Subtopic 3
   2. Brainstorming Two
      1. Subtopic 1
      2. Subtopic 2
      3. Subtopic 3
      4. Subtopic 4
   3. Brainstorming Three
      1. Subtopic 1
      2. Subtopic 2
      3. Subtopic 3
      4. Subtopic 4
      5. Subtopic 5
   4. Teacher-Centered
   5. Independent Study
   6. Behaviorist Theory
   7. Behaviorist Learning
4. Post-Industrial Online Learning
   1. Student-Centered
   2. Collaborative
   3. Social Constructivist Theory
   4. Constructivist Theory