1. Uses
   1. fertlizers 76%
      1. NPK
         1. nitrogen
         2. phosphorous
         3. potassium
   2. Chemicals 7%
   3. Plastics and Fibres 6%
   4. other uses 6%
   5. explosives 5%
2. Haber Process
   1. 200 atmosphers
   2. 450 C
   3. iron catalyst
   4. 72% of material not react first time
      1. recycled
   5. Temperature & Pressure on yield
      1. low temperature
         1. slow
         2. high yield
      2. 450 C
         1. compromise
         2. less made
         3. faster
         4. iron catalyst
         5. increases rate NOT yield
   6. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <---> 2NH3 (g) [deltaH = -92kJ mol-1]
3. Nitric Acid
   1. Ostwald Process
      1. stage 1
         1. platinum-rhodium gauze at 850C
         2. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ---> 4NO (g) [nitrogen monoxide] + 6H2O(g)
         3. oxidation of ammonia
      2. stage 2
         1. oxidation of nitrogen monoxide
         2. cooled (25C) and mixed with air
         3. 2NO(g) + O2(g) ---> 2NO2(g) [nitrogen dioxide]
      3. stage 3
         1. nitrogen dioxide dissolved in water
         2. 4NO2(g) + O2(g) ---> 4HNO3 (aq) [nitric acid] + 2H2O (l)
4. properties
   1. very soluble in water
      1. characteristic of weak alkali
   2. pungent smell
   3. colourless gas
   4. less dense than air
   5. with hydrogen chloride
      1. produces thick white fumes