1. Kinetic Theory of Matter
   1. particles
      1. extremely tiny
         1. collide with each other
      2. motion
         1. rapid
         2. random
   2. evidence
      1. Dilution
         1. moving all the time
         2. potassiumimanaganate (VII) dissolving in water
         3. no water currents
         4. particles move and mix
      2. diffusion
         1. Bromine gas
            1. red brown vapour
            2. air
            3. moves up a jar
            4. particles move randomly
         2. rate
            1. mass
            2. higher
            3. slower
      3. Brownian Motion
         1. Robert Brown
            1. scottish
            2. scientist
         2. pollenin water
            1. microscope
            2. pollen grains
            3. moving on the spot
            4. pushed by water particles
         3. smoke cell
            1. smoke particles
            2. pushed by air particles
2. States of Matter
   1. Solids
      1. fixed volume
      2. fixed shape
      3. particles
         1. packed close together
         2. vibrating slightly
         3. orderly arrangement
         4. forces between particles
         5. rising termperature
            1. particles vibrate more
            2. MELTING POINT
            3. strong bonds broken
            4. solid to liquid
   2. Liquids
      1. fixed volume
      2. no defined shape
         1. "take up the shape of the container in which they are held"
      3. particles
         1. bonds (when solid) broken
         2. rising temperature
            1. EVAPORATION
            2. particles gain energy to escape as gas
            3. BOILING
            4. particle bonds broken
            5. particles escape as gass
            6. liquid to gas
   3. Gases
      1. no fixed volume
      2. no fixed shape
      3. fill container or space they are in
      4. completely random motion
   4. Plasma
      1. Gas phase heated
      2. electons not associated with atoms
      3. positive charged ions
      4. unbound electrons
      5. Uses
         1. television
         2. signs
         3. flourescent tubes
      6. nature
         1. stars
         2. lightning
         3. aurorae
         4. most flames
   5. change of state
      1. physical conditions
      2. water
         1. all three states possible
      3. heating
         1. particles vibrate faster
3. Elements
   1. simplest substance
   2. can not be broken down further
      1. ATOM
         1. proton number same
         2. chemical behavior same
4. Atom
   1. Atomic Mass
   2. too light to be weighed
      1. relative atomic mass scale
   3. Relative Atomic Mass
      1. "mass of an atom on a scale where the mass of a carbon atom is 12 units"
      2. Ar
5. Moles
   1. Avogadro's Constant
      1. one mole contains 6.02x10(23) atoms
      2. the relative atomic mass of an element expressed in grams contains one mole of atoms.
      3. number of atoms = weight
         1. 1mole hydrogen = 1g
         2. 1mole carbon = 12g
         3. 1mole magnesium = 24g
         4. 1mole sulphur = 32g
         5. 1mole iron = 56g
         6. 1mole copper = 64g
         7. moles of atoms = mass/Ar