1. CARBON
   1. between aluminimu & zinc
2. HYDROGEN
   1. between lead and copper
3. displacement reaction
   1. any element above
   2. displaces any element below
   3. Mg(s) + CuO(s) ---> MgO(s) + Cu(s)
   4. establish reactivity series
      1. metals + compunds
         1. aqueous solution
         2. displacement of ions
      2. Zinc & copper
         1. zinc + copper sulphate solution ---> zinc sulphate solution + copper
         2. Zn(s) + Cu2_ (aq) + SO4 2-(aq) ---> Zn2+(aq) + SO4 2- (aq) + Cu (s)
         3. blue colour
            1. copper ion
            2. disappears
      3. copper & silver
         1. copper + silver nitrate ---> copper nitrate + silver
         2. Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) ---> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2(Ag (s)
         3. Cu(II) ion
            1. blue solution
         4. shiny grey precipitate
            1. silver
4. more reactive
   1. compounds
      1. easier to form
      2. harder to break down
   2. metal ores
      1. below carbon
         1. zinc down
         2. oxides + carbon + heat
            1. =metal
            2. DISPLACEMENT REACTION
5. Sacrification protection
   1. galvanised iron
      1. coat with zinc
         1. sacrificial anode
         2. reacts instead of iron
         3. more reactive
         4. hulls of ships