-
Why call it Punic?
- Well, the Phonecians
and the Carthagians
are synoymous
-
Carthage, most powerful
phonecian city, therefore
they take over the empire.
- Carthage was an oligarchy
- They had a senate also
- Suffat, the autocrat elected yearly
-
Carthagian Social Structure
- Totally monetarily based
- Probably because they
were a trade-based
empire.
- All you had to do was
become rich and you
could run for senate or
suffat
- In Latin, Punic is Phoenicians
-
Differences between Carthage and Rome
-
Class System
-
Carthage
- Monetarily-based
-
Rome
- Rigid Class Structure
-
Military system
-
Carthage
- A few generals at top
-
totally mercenary Army
- Spanish
- Numidians
- Egyptians
-
Navy
- until the Romans reverse engineered it
- Carthage founded in 800 BC
-
Rome
- No standing Army
-
Citizen brigade
- Duty to Serve
-
Consuls
- Led the army directly
- Malangax, modified phallanx
-
Naval Innovation
- Corvus
- boarding bridges for taking land
armies to kill naval forces.
- Big bridge with a hook, hence
Corvus (Crow)
- Problems
- Heavy
- Maneuverability lost
-
Hannibal Barca
-
had a brother named Hasdrubal Barca
- Raided Roman Allies in Spain
-
Their father fought the first punic war
-
Hamilcar Barca
- Moved to Spain interbellum first and second
- For an extremely short period, he had his own empire.
-
Barcid Empire
- hence, Barcelona
-
Second War
- The Romans were busy in Macedonia
- So the Carthagians were well
placed to effect their humiliation
-
Hannibal brought...fucking..Elephants...
across the Alps. Fuuuck.
- I will find a way or make one
-
Problems with Hannibal's Army
- No Siege Equipment
- Most Elephants died
-
Loss of Supplies, live on the Italian/Roman farms.
- then he scorched da earth
- Saltin the soil
- Hannibal made no friends living off the land
-
The Romans didn't have the manpower to kill Hannibal
- Tactic: Attrition
- Tactic: Supply elimination
-
Hannibal chose to attack Rome.
-
Scipio's great idea
- Attack Carthage!
- resulted in Hannibal being recalled.
-
Decisive Battle at Zama
- October 19th, 202 BC
-
Scipio defeats Hannibal
- becomes Scipio Africanius
-
Scipio had 30k, Hannibal 50k
- 20k killed from Carthagian ranks
-
Marius' Reforms
-
Professional Soldiers included in the Legions
- Before, it was exclusively citizen conscript militia
- Made the legions open to Non-Citizen
-
the General was responsible for the pay and allegiance of the Soldiers
- the individual, rather than the state or the city
-
Fun Fact
- Manchester
- Lancaster
- The Castra, the Military
Camp set in a Grid
- First Punic War
-
Third Punic War
- Salting of Carthage
-
Sulla
- 89 AD
- Attack Rome
- Military aggrandizement of a General's Political Power
- Lead Directly to
- Sulla was soldier in Marius' Army
-
Pompeii / Julius Caeser
- Pompeii was soldier in Sulla's Army
- Caeser saw that Pompeii had an Army
-
Gaulish Campaign
- 59-49 BC
-
By Roman Law, one could not lead
an army outside of his province
- Crossing the Rubicon
- Declaring Civil War