1. Questions
   1. Open-ended Questions
   2. Closed questions
2. Attending Behavior
   1. Verbal attending
      1. tone of voice
      2. rate of speech
      3. sighs
      4. uhums...
      5. accurate summaries
      6. reflections
      7. empathic comments
   2. Nonverbal attending
      1. eye contact
      2. orientation of body
      3. body posture
      4. facial expressions
      5. attire
      6. autonomic behavior
         1. breathing
         2. persperation
3. Responding to Client's Nonverbal Behavior
   1. Noting for own information
   2. Choose to comment
      1. Help clients recognize how something is influencing their life
      2. Client might be unaware of their nonverbal behavior
         1. Identifying Nonverbal behavior
            1. Become more aware of thoughts and emotions
            2. Develop deeper understanding
            3. Strengths
            4. Problems
         2. Identifying feelings
            1. some patients are cut off from their feelings and emotions
            2. Young children often need help
            3. Be careful of making deep inferences
4. Reflective Listening
5. Empathetic Comments
   1. that show you understand
   2. that validate the patient's experience
   3. to support emotional control
6. Summarizing
   1. to demonstrate listening
   2. to highlight themes
   3. as a transition
   4. to decrease emotional intensity
7. Redirecting
   1. for clarity
   2. to prevent avoidance
   3. to change the subject
8. Supportive Confrontation
9. Process Comments