COFFEE

Who Inspired?
1. The Gaggia machine was invented in Italy after World War II. The export of the machine fueled the Italian-style coffee revolution of the 1980s, giving rise to the popular chains of coffee houses.
WHAT?
1. Tools
  1. French Press a coffee pot made of glass or stainless steel with a mesh plunger to seperate grounds from coffee
  2. espresso machine controls for water temperature and pressure
  3. Grinder wide variety of grinders from electric to burr mills
  4. Drip Machine
  5. Stove top espresso brewer Water is boiled and pressure is built forcing water up through coffee pod through stem and into a retainer
2. Beans
  1. Coffea Canephora (robusta)
  2. C. Arabica (most common)
3. Coffee Trees
  1. Evergreen Shrubs or small Trees
  2. classified in the large family of rubiacaeae
  3. have flowers, leaves, and berries (containing two coffee seeds)
4. Fair trade and direct trade
HOW?
1. Process:
  1. Coffees of Latin America: - Referred to as "washed" coffees because they are processed using fermentation to develop flavor and depth. - In this process, ripe coffee cherries are harvested and transported into a wet mill.
  2. Coffees of Africa/Arabia: - Combination of "dry" coffees and "washed" coffees. - "Dry/Natural" process develop flavor from the coffee cherry drying completely on the bean.
  3. Coffees of Asia/Pacific: - Referred to as "semi-washed" coffees. - "Semi-washed" method consists of ripe coffee cherries that are washed and pulped, then laid out in the sun to dry. When they are partially dried, the parchment skin is removed and laid out again for drying.
2. Coffee Tasting:
  1. Aroma: - The way coffee smells.
  2. Acidity: - Not the actual pH of the coffee, but the lively, patate-cleansing attributes.
  3. Body: - The "weight" of the coffee. - Does it feel light or full in your mouth?
  4. Flavor: - How the coffee tastes.
  5. Smell -> Slurp -> Experience on Tongue
3. Pairings:
  1. Latin America regions drink their coffees while eating food that contain: nuts, apples, blueberries, lemons, butter, oranges, walnuts, chocolate, and caramel.
  2. Africa/Arabia regions drink their coffees while eating food that contain: lemons, herbs, grapefruit, berries, currants, raisins, oranges, chocolate, and spices.
  3. Asia/Pacific regions drink their coffees while eating food that contain: cinnamon, oatmeal, maple, butter, toffee, cheese, caramel, apples, pears, and herbs.
4. Brewing:
  1. Coffee can be brewed by boiling, steeped, or pressured.
  2. - Boiling to brew coffee is done by grinding beans to fine powder, adding it to water and boiling it for no more than an instant in a pot. - In an automatic coffeemaker, hot water drips onto coffee grounds in a coffee filter.
  3. - Use a french press to steep coffee. - Ground coffee and hot water are combined in a cylinder container, brews for a few minutes, and a tightly fit filter plunges down to force grounds to the bottom.
  4. - The espresso method forces hot pressurized water through ground coffee. - Coffee can also be brewed in cold water by steeping ground beans for a few hours.
WHEN?
1. 'The Legend of Kaldi' - A.D. 800
  1. It is said that Kaldi discovered coffee after noticing that his goats, upon eating berries from a certain tree, became so spirited that they did not want to sleep at night.
2. A.D. 1000
  1. Coffee as we know it kicked off in Arabia, where roasted beans were first brewed
3. 13th Century
  1. Muslims were drinking coffee religiously
4. Early-mid 15th century
  1. Coffee being grown in the Yemeni district of Arabia.
5. 16th Century
  1. Known in Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey.
6. 1600's
  1. it is said that no coffee seed sprouted outside Africa or Arabia until the 1600s—until Baba Budan. As tradition has it, this Indian pilgrim-cum-smuggler left Mecca with fertile seeds strapped to his belly.
7. Mid 1600's
  1. Brought to New York by the British.
8. 17th Century
  1. Coffee makes its way to Europe and is becoming popular across the continent.
9. Mid 17th Century
  1. There are over 300 coffee houses in London
10. 1714
  1. Mayor of Amsterdam presented a gift of a young coffee plant to King Louis XIV of France. The King ordered it to be planted in the Royal Botanical Garden in Paris.
11. 1723
  1. A young naval officer obtained a seedling from the King's plant & managed to transport it safely to Martinique. The seedling is credited with the spread of over 18 million coffee trees on the island of Martinique in the next 50 years.
12. 1773
  1. Colonists revolt against a heavy tax on tea imposed by King George - The Boston Tea Party, would forever change the American drinking preference to coffee.
13. 1822
  1. Prototype of an espresso coffee machine made in France
14. 1906
  1. Brazil raises coffee prices after creating the price (exchange rate) fixed for the commodity coffee
15. 1911
  1. Coffee Traders in the U.S. to form the National Coffee Association
16. 1939-1945
  1. U.S. forces bring instant coffee in the war and introduce it to the world
17. 1962
  1. International Agreement on trade in coffee is made, the intent is to control prices
  2. Peak of coffee consumption per capita in the United States, 3 cups per person per day
18. 1971
  1. The first Starbucks opens at Pike Place Market in Seattle, WA
19. 1973
  1. Fair Trade Coffee was first imported to Europe from Guatemala
20. 1975
  1. Brazil suffers because of failed harvests, world coffee prices soar
21. 1998
  1. Starbucks reaches 2000 Outlets in the U.S. and 5,715 outlets worldwide, positioning itself with the largest network worldwide
WHERE?
1. Regions of Growth: - Latin America - Africa/Arabia - Asia/Pacific
2. The coffee bean plant was discovered in north east Ethiopia and the earliest evidence of coffee drinking was in the15th century, in southern Arabia.
3. Currently, these are the top three coffee exporting countries: #1 Brazil #2 Vietnam #3 Indonesia
WHO?
1. Who Grows Coffee?
  1. Farmers cultivate coffee beans from over 70 countries
  2. Fair Trade programs encourage countries importing coffee to pay higher than market price for coffee to provide better profits for growers, improve standard of living, working conditions and encourage sustainable coffee farming.
  3. Some farmers grow coffee without synthetic chemicals, organic status is certified by the proper international agency .
2. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed globally every day.
3. Coffee is sold world-wide which makes it an accessible beverage.
4. 81% of Canadians drink coffee occasionally and over 63% of Canadians over the age of 18 drink coffee on a daily basis (2003 study.)
5. Men and women are equally likely to consumer coffee, with men drinking slightly more coffee than women in Canada.
6. Canadian coffee drinkers' drink an average of 2.6 cups of coffee per day.
CULTURAL INFLUENCES?
1. Coffee drinking started in the Muslim world, to Italy, Europe, Indonesia, and finally the Americas
2. Coffee is used in religious ceremonies in East Africa and Yemen.
3. Coffee was made available to the masses in 17th century Europe once colonial powers began growing beans in their tropical colonies, this established the pattern of exploiting workers in coffee growing regions.
4. Coffee has affected Turkish culture so much that the Turkish word for breakfast, literally means "before coffee."
5. Turkish coffee is used in matrimonial customs. The groom's family visits the bride's family to ask their permission for the marriage. The bride serves Turkish coffee, if the groom drinks with no sign of displeasure, the bride assumes he is good tempered and patient.
6. The extensive process of an Ethiopian coffee ceremony is used to show hospitality to guests.
  1. Across cultures coffee is often associated with hospitality & ritual. Today coffee is personal ritual in many peoples daily lives.