1. Constructivist Design Theory & ID
   1. Key Principles
      1. Learning results from a personal interpretation of experience.
      2. Learning is an active process occurring in realistic and relevant situations.
      3. Learning results from an exploration of multiple perspectives.
   2. Philosophical Orientation
      1. Constructivism is a philosophy itself.
      2. Constructivism also reflects principles of rationalism.
      3. Constructivism's implied subjectivity reflects some elements of humanism.
   3. Theoretical Foundations
      1. John Dewey
      2. Jean Piaget
      3. Ernst von Glaserfeld
      4. Lev Vygotsky
   4. ID Applications
      1. Analysis of
         1. the environment
         2. problems
         3. individual learners
      2. Goal-Free and Open-Ended Assessment
      3. Instructional Strategies
         1. Cognitive Apprenticeship
         2. Problem-Based Learning
         3. Scaffolding
      4. Learning Environments
         1. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning
         2. Social Networking Learning Communities
   5. Supporting ID Research
      1. Cognitive Apprenticeships
         1. e.g., Dennen, 2004
      2. Problem-Based Learning
         1. e.g., Albanese & Mitchell, 1993
         2. Gijbels et al., 2005
      3. Scaffolding
         1. e.g., Cho & Jonassen, 2002
         2. Davis & Linn, 2000
         3. Land & Hannafin, 1997
         4. Saye & Brush, 2002
         5. Simons & Klein, 2007
      4. Computer-Mediated Collaboration
         1. Johnson & Johnson, 2004
         2. Scardamalia & Bereiter, 1996
         3. Uribe et al., 2003
   6. Related Concepts
      1. Anchored Instruction
      2. Individual Constructivism
      3. Knowledge Construction
      4. Learning Community
      5. Situated Cognition
      6. Social Constructivism
2. ID Domains & Elements Related to Constructivist Design Theory
   1. Learners & Learning Processes
      1. Distributed Cognition
      2. Knowledge Construction
      3. Learner Characteristics
         1. beliefs and attitudes
         2. self-knowledge
         3. self-reflective skills
   2. Learning & Performance Contexts
      1. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Environments
      2. Learning Environments
         1. rich
         2. authentic
      3. Social Networking Learning Communities
   3. Content Structure & Sequence
      1. Learner-Controlled Instructional Sequences
   4. Instructional & Noninstructional Strategies
      1. Active Learning
      2. Authentic Learning Activities
      3. Cognitive Apprenticeships
      4. Facilitation of Learning & Individual Knowledge Creation
      5. Interactive & Collaborative Learning
      6. Learner Control
      7. Problem-Based Learning
      8. Scaffolding
   5. Media & Delivery Systems
      1. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
      2. Electronic Collaborative Tools
      3. Social Networking Tools
   6. Designers & Design Processes
      1. Analysis
         1. context
         2. individual learners
         3. problems
      2. Design & Development
         1. general goal related to authentic tasks
         2. participatory, recursive, reflective
         3. strategy and media selection
      3. Assessment and Evaluation
         1. accept multiple perspectives
         2. goal-free assessment
         3. open-ended assessments