1. Agreement?
    1. Offer
      1. Invitation to deal?
        1. Auction?
          1. AGC (Advances) Ltd v McWhirter (1977) 1 BPR 9454, Supreme Court of New South Wales
        2. Displaying goods
          1. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemist (Southern) Ltd [1953] 1 QB 401, English Court of Appeal
        3. Advertisement?
          1. Lefkowitz v Great Minneapolis Surplus Store 89 NW 2d 689 (1957) Supreme Court of Minnesota
          2. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, English Court of Appeal
        4. Bait Advertising
          1. Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth)
        5. Call for tender with contractual conditions?
          1. Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 3 All ER 25, English Court of Appeal
        6. Terminated offer?
          1. Revocation communicated?
          2. Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Cd D 463 English Court of Appeal
          3. Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344, Court of Common Pleas
          4. Counter-offer?
          5. Hyde v Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334
          6. Lang James Morrisson & Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1
      2. Statement of possible terms?
        1. Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552 1 WLR 294
        2. Gibson v Manchester City Council [1979] 1 WLR 294
      3. Valid good or service
        1. Goods
        2. Services
        3. Reward or prize
        4. Bid
        5. Automatic vending machine
        6. "For sale" sign
        7. Tender
        8. In exchange for a stipulated price
      4. Valid offeree
        1. Person
        2. Group
        3. Whole world
          1. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, English Court of Appeal
      5. Rejection?
      6. Request for information or clarification?
        1. Steven, Jaques and Co v McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346
      7. Failure of a condition?
      8. Lapse of time?
        1. Intentional avoidance of acceptance?
          1. Bragg v Alam (1982) NSW Conv R 55-082
        2. Reasonable time?
          1. Balla v Theophilos (No 2) (1957) 98 CLR 193
      9. Death?
        1. Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 ChD 463 at 475 per Mellish LJ
        2. Carter v Hyde (1923) 33 CLR 115 at 121
    2. Consideration?
      1. Nudum pactum?
      2. Promissory estoppel?
        1. Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher, (1988) 164 CLR 387 High Court of Australia
        2. Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] 1 KB 130, King's Bench Division
      3. Meets the conditions?
        1. Valuable in the eyes of the law?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
        2. Nominated by the promisor?
          1. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, English Court of Appeal
          2. Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestle Co Ltd [1960] AC 87, House of Lords
          3. Dunton v Dunton (1892) 18 VLR, Victorian Full Court
        3. Quid pro quo? (Contemporaneous?)
          1. Topic
          2. Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth (1954) 92 CLR 424, High Court of Australia
          3. Beaton v McDivitt (1987) 13 NSWLR 162 New South Wales Court of Appeal
          4. Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234, Court of Queen's Bench
          5. Harrington v Taylor 36 SE 2d 227 (1945), Supreme Court of North Carolina
          6. Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1980] AC 615, Privy Council on appeal from Hong Kong
        4. Moved from the promisee?
          1. Coulls v Bagot's Executor & Trustee Co Ltd (1967) 119 CLR 460, High Court of Australia
        5. Performance of an existing duty?
          1. Stilk v Myrick (1809) 2 Camp 317
          2. TA Sundell & Sons Pty Ltd v Emm Yannoulatos (Overseas) Pty Ltd (1956) SR (NSW) 323 at 327
          3. Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) 34 NSWLR 723, New South Wales Supreme Court
          4. A contractual duty owed to a third party?
          5. Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1980] AC 615, Privy Council on appeal from Hong Kong
          6. A public duty?
          7. Glasbrook Bros Ltd v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270, House of Lords
          8. Popiw v Popiw [1959] VR 197, Supreme Court of Victoria
        6. Part payment of a debt?
          1. Pinnel's Case (1602) 5 Co Rep 117a; 77 ER 237
          2. Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605, House of Lords
        7. Settling a legal dispute or giving up a claim?
          1. Wigan v Edwards (1973) 47 ALJR 586, High Court of Australia
      4. Promise?
        1. Formal promise?
        2. Informal promise?
        3. Executory promise?
        4. Executed promise?
        5. Illegal?
        6. Illusory?
    3. Acceptance?
      1. Not intended to accept?
        1. Crown v Clarke (1927) 40 CLR 227, High Court of Australia
      2. Not the offeree?
        1. Boulton v Jones (1857) 2 H&N 564, 157 ER 232
        2. Lang James Morrisson & Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1
      3. Conduct?
        1. Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon Paull Partners Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 523
        2. Trade Practices Act 1974 (Vic)
        3. Sachs v Miklos [1948] 1 All ER 67
      4. Valid offeree?
        1. Person to whom it is addressed?
          1. Boulton v Jones (1857) 2 H&N 564, 157 ER 232
        2. Person who takes over from original offeree?
          1. Lang James Morrisson & Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1
      5. Intention to accept?
        1. Taft v Hyatt 180 Pac 213 (1919)
        2. Awareness of offer?
          1. Crown v Clarke (1927) 40 CLR 227, High Court of Australia
          2. Port Jackson Stevedoring Pty Ltd v Salmon & Spraggon (Australia) Pty Ltd (1978) 139 CLR 231 at 244
          3. Broadnax v Ledbetter 99 SW 1111 (1907)
          4. Lalman v Gauri Datt (1913) 11 All LJ 489
        3. Cross offers?
          1. Tinn v Hoffman & Co (1873) 29 LT 271
      6. Battle of the forms?
        1. Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp (England) Ltd [1979] 1 WLR 401, English Court of Appeal
        2. Maxitherm Boilders Pty Ltd v Pacific Dunlop Ltd [1998] 4 VR 559, Victorian Court of Appeal
        3. ABC v XIVth Commonwealth Games Ltd (1988) 18 NSWLR 540 at 547-8 per Gleeson
      7. Communication?
        1. Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 11 CB (NS) 869; 142 ER 1037, Court of Common Pleas
        2. Waiver?
          1. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, English Court of Appeal
          2. Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon Paull Partners Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 523
        3. Estoppel?
          1. Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation [1955] 2 All ER 493 at 495
        4. Postal Acceptance Rule?
          1. Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460, Equity Division of the New South Wales Supreme Court
          2. Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl und Stahl-Warendhandelgesellschaft mbH [1983] 2 AC 34, House of Lords
        5. Mode specified by the offeror?
          1. Manchester Diocesan Council for Education v Commercial & General Investments Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 241 at 245-6
          2. Allied Steel & Conveyors Inc v Ford Motor Co 277 F 2d 907 (1960)
        6. Electronic Communications
          1. Electronic Transactions (Victoria) Act 2000
          2. s3 Definitions
          3. s13 Time and place of dispatch and receipt of electronic communications
    4. Voluntarily entered into?
    5. Reached without offer and acceptance?
      1. Clarke v Dunraven [1879] AC 59
      2. Brambles Holdings Ltd v Bathurst City Council (2001) 53 NSWLR 153, New South Wales Court of Appeal
    6. Unilateral?
      1. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256, English Court of Appeal
      2. Errington v Errington [1952] 1 All ER 149, English Court of Appeal
      3. Mobil Oil Australia Ltd v Wellcome International Pty Ltd (1998) 81 FCR 475, Federal Court of Australia (Full Court)
  2. Certainty?
    1. Uncertainty?
      1. Vague or ambiguous terms?
        1. No meaning can be given to the terms?
          1. Scammell v Ouston [1941] 1 All ER 14
          2. Lord Russell
          3. Placer Development Ltd v The Commonwealth (1969) 121 CLR 353 at 359-360
          4. Kitto J
          5. Taylor and Owen JJ
          6. H K Lucke, 'Illusory, Vague and Uncertain Contractual Terms' (1977) 6 Adel Lr 1 at 2
        2. Some uncertainty can be resolved?
          1. Commercial agreement?
          2. Scammell v Ouston [1941] 1 All ER 14
          3. Viscount Maugham
          4. Partly performed?
          5. Foxtel Management Pty Ltd v Seven Cable Television Pty Ltd (2000) 102 FCR 464 at 504
          6. Not possible to construct terms for parties?
          7. Aotearoa International Ltd v Scancarriers A/S [1985] 1 NZLR 513, esp at 556 (PC)
          8. Scammell (G) & Nephew Ltd v Ouston [1941] AC 251
          9. Intentions of parties can be ascertained?
          10. Council of the Upper Hunter County District v Australian Chilling and Freezing Co Ltd (1967) 118 CLR 429, High Court of Australia
          11. Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932) 147 LT 503, at p 512
          12. Lord Tomlin
          13. Scammell (G) & Nephew Ltd v Ouston [1941] AC 251
          14. Lord Wright
      2. Illusory agreement?
        1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          1. Thorby v Goldberg (1964) 112 CLR 597 at 603
          2. "a provision for ‘future arrangements’, not a contract concluded before the parties"
        2. Definition of illusory?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Placer Development Ltd v The Commonwealth (1969) 121 CLR 353 at 359-360
          3. Placer Development Ltd v The Commonwealth (1969) 121 CLR 353 at 359-360
          4. H K Lucke, 'Illusory, Vague and Uncertain Contractual Terms' (1977) 6 Adel Lr 1 at 2
        3. Performance entirely at own discretion?
          1. Davis v General Goods Corp 21 F Supp 445 (1937)
        4. Consider external evidence?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd
          3. Kell v Harris (1915) 15 SR (NSW) 473 at 479; 32 WN (NSW) 133 at 136
        5. Endeavour to uphold the validity of the agreement?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd
          3. Meehan v Jones (1982) 149 CLR 571, High Court of Australia
          4. Council of the Upper Hunter County District v Australian Chilling and Freezing Co Ltd (1967) 118 CLR 429, High Court of Australia
        6. Irremediably obscure?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Kofi-Sunkersette Obu v A Strauss & Co Ltd [1951] AC 243 at 250 (PC)
        7. No external standard?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Godecke v Kirwan (1973) 129 CLR 629 at 646–647.
          3. May and Butcher Ltd v The King [1934] 2 KB 17(n)
          4. Axelsen v O’Brien (1949) 80 CLR 219.
          5. Foster v Wheeler (1888) 38 Ch D 130
          6. Professor KCT Sutton, 'Certainty of Contract' (1977) 7 QLD Law Soc J 5 at 11
        8. External standard?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Sweet & Maxwell Ltd v Universal News Services Ltd [1964] 2 QB 699
          3. Meehan v Jones (1982) 149 CLR 571, High Court of Australia
        9. Minimum provision in range?
          1. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Lewandowski v Mead Carney-BCA Pty Ltd [1973] 2 NSWLR 640
        10. Provision for 'future arrangements?'
      3. Incompleteness?
        1. Goods Act 1958 (Vic)
        2. Lease term not specified?
          1. Whitlock v Brew (1968) 118 CLR 445
        3. Land sale price not fixed?
          1. Parties
          2. Subject matter?
          3. Price?
          4. Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206
        4. No set price on goods?
          1. Sale of Goods Act 1923 s 13(2) (NSW)
          2. Goods Act 1958 s 13(2) (Vic)
          3. Sale of Goods Act 1896 s 11(2) (Qld)
          4. Sale of Goods Act 1895 s 8(2) (SA)
          5. Sale of Goods Act 1895 s 8(2) (WA)
          6. Sale of Goods Act 1896 s 13(2) (Tas)
          7. Sale of Goods Act 1954 s 13(2) (ACT)
          8. Sale of Goods Act 1972 s 13(2) (NT)
          9. ‘a reasonable price is to be paid’
        5. Not finalised or detailed?
          1. Anaconda Nickel Lt v Tarmoola Australia Pty Ltd [2000] WASCA 27
          2. Ipp J
          3. Godecke v Kirwan (1973) 129 CLR 629, High Court of Australia
          4. Powell v Jones [1968] SASR 394
          5. Masters v Cameron (1954) 91 CLR 353
        6. No agreement on essential terms?
          1. Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] VR 695, Victorian Full Court
          2. Thorby v Goldberg (1964) 112 CLR 597, at p 607
          3. May and Butcher Ltd v R (HL) [1934] 2 KB 17
        7. Agreement to define essential terms in the future?
          1. Australian and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] VR 695, Victorian Full Court
          2. May and Butcher Ltd v R (HL) [1934] 2 KB 17
          3. Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd [1934] 2 KB 1
          4. Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 600, at p 604; 43 ALR 68
          5. Aotearoa International Ltd v Scancarriers A/S [1985] 1 NZLR 513
          6. Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206, at p 222
          7. Sutton, Sales and Consumer Law in Australia and New Zealand (1983), pp 110–13.
        8. Godecke v Kirwan (1973) 129 CLR 629, High Court of Australia
        9. Formula provision?
          1. Nominated price list?
          2. Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932) 147 LT 503
          3. Consumer price index?
          4. Hely v Stirling [1982] VR 246.
        10. Machinery provision?
          1. Nominate office holder?
          2. Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206 at 222
          3. Recalcitrant office holder?
          4. Sudbrook Trading Estate Ltd v Eggleton [1982] 3 All ER 1 at 5
          5. Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 600.
          6. Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206 at 222
          7. Fullagar J
          8. Rent to be paid upon the renewal of a lease?
          9. Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 600.
      4. Agreements to agree? Agreements to negotiate?
        1. Intended to be a binding legal obligation?
          1. Coal Cliff Collieries Pty Ltd v Sijehama Pty Ltd (1991) 24 NSWLR 1, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          2. Booker Industries Pty Ltd v Wilson Parking (Qld) Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 600 at 604
          3. Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd [1932] All ER Rep 494
          4. Courtney & Fairbairn Ltd v Tolaini Brothers (Hotels) Ltd [1975] 1 WLR 297
          5. Courtney & Fairbairn Ltd v Tolaini Brothers (Hotels) Ltd [1975] 1 WLR 297
          6. Mallozzi v Carapelli SpA [1976] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 407
          7. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] VR 695
          8. Foster v Wheeler (1888) LR 38 Ch D 130
          9. Axelsen v O’Brien (1949) 80 CLR 219
          10. Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, New South Wales Court of Appeal
          11. Walford v Miles [1992] 2 AC 128, House of Lords
          12. Courtney & Fairbairn Ltd v Tolaini Brothers (Hotels) Ltd [1975] 1 WLR 297
        2. To resolve a contractual dispute?
          1. United Group Rail Services Ltd v Rail Corporation New South Wales [2009] NSWCA 177
    2. Severance?
      1. Divisible stipulations?
        1. Life Insurance Co of Australia Ltd v Phillips (1925) 36 CLR 60, High Court of Australia
    3. Conditional contract?
      1. Subject to contract?
        1. Masters v Cameron (1954) 91 CLR 353, High Court of Australia
          1. Binding agreements
          2. Rossiter v Miller (1878) 3 App Cas 1124
          3. Sinclair, Scott & Co Ltd v Naughton (1929) 43 CLR 310, at p 317
          4. Niesmann v Collingridge (1921) 29 CLR 177
          5. O’Brien v Dawson (1942) 66 CLR 18, at p 31
          6. Non-binding agreements
          7. Governor & [Guardian] of the Poor of Kingston-upon- Hull v Petch (1854) 10 Exch 610 [156 ER 583]
          8. Summergreene v Parker (1950) 80 CLR 304
          9. Von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg v Alexander (1912) 1 Ch 284, at p 289
          10. Farmer v Honan (1919) 26 CLR 183
          11. Filbay v Hounsell (1896) 2 Ch 737
          12. Chinnock v Marchioness of Ely (1865) 4 De GJ & S 638 [46 ER 1066]
      2. Subject to finance?
        1. Meehan v Jones (1982) 149 CLR 571, High Court of Australia
          1. Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 ChD 459, at p 483
          2. Grime v Bartholomew [1972] 2 NSWLR 827
        2. Meehan v Jones (1982) 149 CLR 571, High Court of Australia
          1. Zieme v Gregory [1963] VR 214 at pp 216, 222
          2. Barber v Crickett [1958] NZLR 1057, at p 1058
          3. Beauchamp v Beauchamp (1972) 32 DLR (3d) 693; affd (1974) 40 DLR (3d) 160)
        3. Meehan v Jones (1982) 149 CLR 571, High Court of Australia
          1. New Zealand Shipping Co v Societe des Ateliers et Chantiers France [1919] AC 1
          2. Suttor v Gundowda Pty Ltd (1950) 81 CLR 418, at pp 440–442
  3. Intention to create contractual relations?
    1. Domestic, family, social agreement?
      1. Pettitt v Pettitt [1970] AC 777
      2. Husband and wife for allowance?
        1. Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571
        2. Miller v Miller 35 NW 464 (1887) Supreme Court of Iowa
        3. Popiw v Popiw [1957] VR 197
        4. Merritt v Merritt [1970]1 WLR 1211
      3. Parent and child for occupancy of a house?
        1. Jones v Padavatton [1969] 2 All ER 616
      4. Friends to operate a car pool?
        1. Coward v Motor Insurers Bureau [1963] 1 OB 259
      5. Investigative journalist and source to maintain confidentiality?
        1. Cohen v Cowles Media Co 457 NW 2d 199 (1990)
      6. Agreement within a community?
        1. Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA (2002) 209 CLR 95, High Court of Australia
          1. Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1955) 93 CLR 546
          2. South Australia v The Commonwealth (1962) 108 CLR 130
    2. Commercial agreement?
      1. Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holders) Pty Ltd [1985] 2 NSWLR 309, New South Wales Court of Appeal
        1. Lewis v Brass (1877) LR 3 QBD 667
        2. Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571
        3. Cohen v Cohen (1929) 42 CLR 91
        4. South Australia v The Commonwealth (1962) 108 CLR 130
        5. Pym v Campbell
      2. Rose & Frank Co v Crompton & Bros Ltd [1923] 2 KB 261, English Court of Appeal
    3. Agreement with the government?
      1. Government and firm to receive a subsidy?
        1. Australian Woollen Mills Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1955) 93 CLR 546
        2. Administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea v Leahy (1961) 105 CLR 6, High Court of Australia
  4. Capacity?
    1. Legal adults of sound mind?
    2. Incapacity?
      1. Mental incapacity?
        1. Gibbons v Wright (1954) 91 CLR 423, High court of Australia
        2. Hart v O'Connor [1985] 1 AC 1000 Privy Council on appeal from NZ
          1. McLaughlin v Daily Telegraph Newspaper Co Ltd (No 2) (1904) 1 CLR 243
          2. Tremills v Benton (1892)
          3. Imperial Loan Co Ltd v Stone [1892] 1 QB 599
          4. Molton v Camroux (1848)
      2. Intoxication?
        1. Disadvantageous AND unfair use of the occasion?
          1. Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362 High Court of Australia
      3. Bankruptcy?
        1. Non-disclosure of bankruptcy?
      4. The Crown?
        1. Unlimited immunity from suit?
          1. Judiciary Act (1903) (Cth)
        2. No relevant legislative powers?
        3. Limited power to pay damages?
        4. Disables the government from performing a statutory duty?
      5. Minors?
        1. Contract for necessities?
          1. Nash v Inman [1908] 2 KB 1, English Court of Appeal
        2. Beneficial?
        3. Unreasonable price?
        4. Acts
          1. Minors Property and Contracts Act 1970 (NSW)
          2. s30 Affirmation
          3. s31 Repudiation by a minor
          4. s35 Restriction on effect of repudiation
          5. s37 Adjustment on repudiation
          6. Topic
          7. Minors Contracts (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1979 (SA)
          8. s4 Contract remains unenforceable unless ratified in writing
          9. s5 Guarantees
          10. s6 Approval of minor's contract by court
          11. s7 Restitution of property to a minor
          12. s8 Appointment of agent to act on behalf of minor
          13. Topic
          14. Supreme Court Act 1986 (Vic)
          15. s49 Certain contracts by minors to be void
          16. s50 No proceeding to be brought on ratification of minor's contract
          17. s51 Avoiding contract for payment of loan advanced during minority
          18. Topic
      6. Company?
        1. Ultra vires?
        2. Pre-incorporation contract?
        3. Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)