1. Chap 3
   1. info e comm needs in dev
      1. Mchombu (2004) p. 19 (p.41 Tim's)
         1. from those who know (the experts) to those who don't (the ignorants)
         2. vs
         3. community comm sharing, value traditional knowledge
   2. INfo in dev
      1. Types
         1. for: algorythms
         2. about: stats
         3. as: DNA
         4. in: pattern
      2. is produced
         1. for poor, typically their social network
            1. (schilderman 2002 . p. 57 )informants must provide info:
            2. relevant
            3. reliable
            4. accessible and understandable
            5. shareable
      3. it's stored
         1. Info mgmt: classification etc.
         2. Kndg mgmt: based on tacit interpretation: values, ctxt, judgments
      4. it's consumed
         1. paradox: people can't ask for things they don't know they exist, i.e. the internet
         2. Info available: accessible and affordable and understandable
   3. Comm
      1. it's contextualised and cultural
      2. tims draws on Habermas' communication theory:
         1. asserts the importance of a public sphere where people can engage in political process to determin their future.
         2. web 2.0 offers a lot fo potential
      3. comm in dev
         1. still too focused on info dissemination top-down
         2. need for more exchange among all stakeholders
         3. players
            1. Panos
            2. IICD
            3. www.comminit.com
2. chap 4: tech
   1. sustainability issue
      1. careful assessment of needs, contxt, value: people understanding the beneficial potential and willing to pay for it
      2. e-waste
   2. Critique:
      1. ICDL supports Western values despite the local context
   3. FOSS vs proprietary
      1. FOSS's pros:
         1. cheaper
         2. no viruses
         3. potentially better for a lot of developers
         4. morally high value
         5. attracts the most committed programmers
      2. Proprietary pros
         1. more widespread
         2. better quality assurance: post sales service
         3. low cost for dev countries
      3. the dabate will last as premises very different
   4. uses
      1. mobile
         1. vip for emergencies
         2. used to maintain social networks
         3. valued to save money more than for earning
         4. better educated people attribute more value to them than lesser educated
         5. considered unimportant for info gathering
   5. conceptual framework for ICTs p. 82
      1. capture
      2. storage
      3. sharing
      4. infrastructure
      5. regulations
      6. Individual vs communal
      7. affordable vs expensive
   6. conclusions:
      1. ICT solution appropiateness depends on:
         1. cost
         2. context
         3. infrastructural provision
         4. regulatory environment
         5. specific needs of the user and community
3. chap 5: policies and partnerships
   1. key: getting the complex balance between supply and demand right
   2. history of ICT4D p. 127
      1. 1984 Maitland report
      2. 1995 InfoDev
      3. 1997 GKP
      4. 1998/99 WB report Kndg for dev
      5. 2000 GDDI
      6. 2000 MDGs
         1. ICT4D subtarget of MDG 8
      7. 2000 DOT force
      8. 2001 HDR
      9. 2001 G8 Genoa
         1. Plan of action: good summary
      10. 2001 UN ICT Task Force
      11. 2003 WSIS (I)
          1. Before it, lack of consistency, redundancy and repetition of initiative
          2. achieved good plan of action
          3. common vision for the info soc
          4. need for new funding mechanism, integration of ict4d in PRSPs for each country rather than another global fund
      12. 2005 WSIS (II)
          1. internet governance still an issue
          2. funding still a problem
          3. more Multi stakeholders partnerships, although CSO still critisizing lack of participation in decision making
          4. raised public awareness on ICTs
      13. 2005 GAID
      14. 2006 UNGIS
      15. 2007 GKP conference Malaysia
   3. Trends
      1. liberalisation of the TLC market
      2. focus on access and connectivity
      3. capacity building
      4. Innovation for economic growth
      5. local content production
         1. languages
      6. from public-private partnerships to multistakeholder partnerships
         1. BUT: still they ignore each other mindset
      7. MDGs are THE core interest of donors, so ICT4D being just a subgoal of MDG8 are not that central
         1. exception: BCO alliance.org
      8. key players
         1. private sector
            1. Intel
            2. Microsoft
            3. Cisco
            4. corporate social responsibility
            5. commercial interest
         2. donors
            1. swiss
            2. spider (sweden)
            3. Ireland
            4. The Netherlands
            5. Malaysia
            6. South Africa
            7. DAC
            8. sless investment in infrastructure, as private sector should do it instead
            9. int cooperation crucial as TLC are cross-border
            10. cso and govs make sure that poor benefit from ICTs are the mkt alone won't do it
            11. Paris declaration
            12. donor alignment and collaboration
            13. - transaction costs
            14. assistance provided to national PRSPs =>less externally driven
            15. untied aid
   4. ICT strategies and Policies
      1. TLC
      2. Broadcasting
      3. Internet
      4. High-level champions are key
      5. it's govs responsibility to provide universal access to services
      6. multi-stakeholder partnerships p. 166-168
         1. need for transparency
         2. for clear project mgmt and coordination unit
         3. complex and laborious
            1. very different interest involved
         4. they favour a more holistic approac
         5. transparent ethical framework needed from the beginning stating the benefits for all partners
            1. strike the balance between supply and demand
         6. contributions: HR, infrastructure, social nets, finance
         7. benefits: organisation identity, netowrking opoprtunities, ecnomic returns, R&D potential
         8. focus on the poor and marginalised to build a more equitable world
      7. phases: vision->policy->legislation->regulatory agency enforce it
4. Chap 6 ICT & Business
   1. macroeconomics
      1. demonstrated impact on GDP only for phone, not yet for internet
      2. ICT out-sourcing in DCs
      3. at country level no link between IT investment and eco$ growth
      4. Very different use patterns in different contexts
   2. Microeconomics
      1. Benefits from ICT, especially mobile (i.e. grameenphone empowers women)
         1. intrinsic/expressive use
         2. Instrumental/business
      2. shared access viable for poor: telecenters and kiosks
      3. Still ICT tends to favorise wealthy, educated elites
   3. Context
      1. Importance of national policy opening up the market
      2. educated workforce, access to credit, reliable infrastructure are needed for the benefit to be real
      3. High risk of failure for investors= cautious
      4. find the balance between supply and demand
5. Chap 7 ICT & Edu
   1. Def of Education Delors:
      1. Learning toknow
      2. learning to do
      3. Learning to live together
      4. learning to be
         1. be in control of one's life
      5. Constructionist approach
         1. learning is a social and collaborative activity
         2. zone of porximal dev
         3. school learning should be ina menaingful context
         4. outofschool should relate to in-school learning
         5. Summary
            1. Constructionist approach becoming theoretically mainstream
            2. collaboration
            3. critical thinking
            4. problem solving
            5. culturallly sensitive
   2. Rhetoric
      1. MDG 2: Universl Primary Education
      2. MDG 3: no gender disparity in Edu
      3. UNESCO: Education for All (EFA)
         1. tech literacy
         2. kdg deepening
         3. kdg creation
      4. OECD PISA Study
   3. Praxis
      1. rote learning
   4. Issues in DCs
      1. Linguistic barrier: second language
      2. Pedagogic: rote
      3. Tech: cost and know-how
      4. lack of basic enablers
         1. shelter
         2. clean water
         3. safety
         4. affordable costs
         5. cultural value attributed to knowledge vs labour
         6. teachrs' training
      5. Educational framework
         1. infrastructure
            1. COWs = Computer on Wheels vs labs
         2. Learning environment
            1. e-twinning p. 234-5
         3. M&E
            1. 10% of the project planning cost should be allocated to this
         4. Admin and productivity
         5. Leadership
            1. National policy, wide involvement
         6. Professional Dev
            1. Teachers training
            2. pre- e in-service
            3. if designed centarlly risk of over-trained, not well prepared, only for per diem
            4. ICT in pre-service
            5. VIP accrediting: financial reward
            6. Principals and admins as well, before teachers
         7. Curriculum and assesment
            1. urocentrism of curricula
      6. Replicability
      7. sustainability
      8. scalability
      9. MDGs focus on primary creates bottle neck to secnodary and tertiary as govs dont have resources for that
      10. Recommendations
          1. MSPs for coordination of players
             1. Private sector
             2. Microsoft
             3. Cisco
             4. Oracle
          2. it takes longer than expected
          3. balance equity vs competitiveness
      11. case studies
          1. rwanda p. 228
          2. NEPAD
          3. Jordan
          4. China TLRC= Teacher Learning Resource Centers p. 230
          5. PforE
      12. require multistakeholders partnerships
6. Chap 8 e-health
   1. WHO focus and invest a lot in it: global survey on e-health in 2005
      1. 2007 Report
         1. issues
            1. global health policy in place needed
            2. e-readiness fundamental
            3. opportunity costs: expensive, not well exploited
            4. Hard to measure impact of ICTs, because a lot of vriables intervene
            5. more research needed to prove impact and benefits
            6. standardisation
            7. organisational barriers to adoption
         2. Pro
            1. Telemedicine: hard to demonstrate the impact
            2. Decision making
            3. Patient medical history
            4. Medical info sharing, epidemics, best practices
            5. knowledgemapping
            6. prevention: access to med info reduces unnecessary visits, => savings
            7. partnerships
7. Chap 9 e-gov
8. Chap 10 e-agri
9. Conclusions