1. Lack of pooled sovereignty
    1. ASEAN Way
      1. fair-weather cooperation
      2. consensus-building platform
      3. non-confrontational bargaining
      4. informal mandate
  2. ASEAN Charter
    1. signed in 2007
    2. legally binding document
    3. consensus/unanimous vote
    4. non-intervention/ integrity of sovereign right
    5. techinical-related rules depending on member compliance
  3. neo-realist view
    1. ASEAN future
      1. ability to coerce = power
      2. Secreteriat vs. compliance
      3. shift to rule-based sys. required
      4. stronger binding rules
      5. power policed through sanctions
  4. Constructivist
    1. ASEAN future
      1. Trust trumps compliance
      2. constitutive norms, principles = ties
      3. degree of group cohesion, not coercion