1. Multidimensional
2. Pilot Testing
   1. small-scale trial
   2. to revise and finalize the materials and the methods
3. Significance
   1. Findings
   2. Interaction Research
   3. Pragmatics Research
4. Formal Models
   1. Acceptability Judgments
   2. Elicited Imitation
   3. Magnitude Estimation
   4. Truth-Value Judgments
   5. Sentence Matching
5. Processing Research
   1. Sentence Interpretation
   2. Reaction Time
   3. Moving Window
6. Interaction-Based Research
   1. Picture Description Tasks
   2. Spot the Difference
   3. Jigsaw Tasks
   4. Consensus Tasks
   5. Consciousness-Raising Tasks
   6. Computer-Mediated Research
7. Strategies and Cognitive Processes
   1. Observation
   2. Introspective Measures
   3. Stimulated Recall
   4. Think-Alouds or Online Tasks
   5. Immediate Recalls
8. Sociolinguistic/Pragmatics-Based Research
   1. Naturalistic Settings
   2. Elicited Narratives
   3. Discourse Completion Test (DCT)
   4. Role Play
   5. Video Playback for Interpretation
9. Questionnaires and Surveys
   1. attitudes and opinions
   2. Beliefs and motivations
   3. closed and open ended items