1. Floating Topic
2. EDUCATION
   1. after independence-need to change education system
   2. important educational commissions
      1. university grants commission
         1. 1948
         2. chairman Dr.S.Radhakrishnan(September 5th)
         3. Article 45- Indian constitution - Free & compulsory education under 14 yrs
      2. secondary education commission
         1. 1953
         2. Chairman Dr. A . Lakshmana Swamy Mudaliar
         3. Insisted on Secondary education to be a preparatory stage for higher education
      3. kothari commission
         1. 1964
         2. otherwise known as the National Educational Commission
         3. chairman - Dr.D.S.Kothari
         4. submitted report in 1966
         5. report suggested 10 + 2 + 3 pattern
         6. 3 language formula - tamilnadu - 1965
      4. new education policy
         1. 1986
         2. Human development
         3. importance to women education, scheduled castes , scheduled tribes,handicapped
         4. policy insisted - primary education- enroll 6-14 yrs
         5. also aimed for protection of nature
      5. national policy on education
         1. 1992
         2. introduced "operation Black Board"
         3. another program Natonal Literacy mission - Non Formal Education
   3. growth of education
      1. primary education
         1. Primary - 1948 -50 no of elementary schools in tamil nadu 15,303
         2. tamil nadu,primary school increased from 30,844 - 1999 to 32,242 - 2003-2004 budget
         3. Sarva Sikshya Abhyan (SSA) scheme
            1. to avoid dropouts - primary level
      2. secondary education
         1. June 1978 - vocational education -TN
         2. 1992 - National Policy of Education emphasised Vocational education(agriculture,home science,engineering)
         3. 2003- 4859 secondary schools with 68212 in TN
      3. higher educational
         1. general
            1. Arts,Science and commerce
         2. professional
            1. engineering,medicine and Agriculture
         3. 2002-2003
            1. 478 Arts and Science colleges
            2. 16 universities in TN
         4. 1970 - tamil language -TN colleges
3. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
   1. famous TN scientists
      1. Ramanujan (maths)
      2. Dr.C.V.Raman (phy(nobel prize))
      3. Dr.Chandrashekar (phy(nobel prize))
      4. Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam (Space)
   2. Agricultural research
      1. Dr.M.S.Swaminathan the world - renown agricultural scientist belonged to TN
      2. he re-organised the Indian councii of Agricultural Research(ICAR)
      3. evolved new technologies for production of rice - High yielding variety program (HYVP)
      4. Farmer's Day - December 23rd
   3. Industrial Research
      1. The council of Scientific Research(CSIR) introduced a vast network of research institutions
      2. Dr.G.D.Naidu - famous industrialist
   4. Atomic Research
      1. The Atomic Research Commission(AEC) established in 1948
      2. Kalpakkam near chennai - main centre for atomic research in TN
      3. Dr.Chidambaram - famous Atomic scientist
   5. Space Research
      1. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established in 1972
      2. Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam - Agni missile - Author wings of fire
      3. Mahendra Giri - Kanyakumari - unit of ISRO
      4. Kavalur(Vainu Bappu Observatory or VBO) - Vellore district biggest telescope in Asia
4. MEDIA
   1. Newspaper
      1. link between the government and the public
   2. Radio
      1. started in india in 1927
      2. the government took over Indian broadcasting service in 1936
      3. name changed to All India Radio(AIR)
      4. Trichy,Madurai,Kovai,Tirunelveli
      5. Prachar Bharathy - unit of government formulating the policies for information and broadcasting
   3. Television
      1. introduced in India in 1959
      2. Television station in madras in 1975
      3. Television invented by J.L.Baird
      4. Multi-purpose satellite (INSAT)
   4. Telephone
      1. telegraph
         1. invented by M.Lammod of France in 1787
         2. Lord Dalhousie introduced in India in 1857
         3. 753 post and telegraph offices in India
      2. invented by Alexander Grahambell - USA - 1876
      3. first telephone in madras - 1882
      4. govt started 1st telephone industry in bangalore(Bharath Sanchar Niham Limited)
      5. private sector - Tata,BPL,Beetel
      6. 2001 - more than 1513 tele exchanges functioning in TN
      7. 2001 - total tele connections are 15,82,540
   5. Computer
      1. 1953 - only 100 computers used in the world
      2. TN - 2nd place in india in the import of software materials
   6. Internet
      1. started in USA,MIT in 1962
      2. Improved in 1969
      3. through internet - e-commerce
      4. judiciary - e - commerce bieng adapted