1. EDUCATION DURING ANCIENT PERIOD
   1. Kings and chieftains composed poems
   2. Women poets
      1. Avvaiyar, Kakkaipadiniyar, Mudathamakanniyar
   3. Sangam rulers patronized education
   4. Schools under tree or in the temple
      1. Maths, Pallis or Viharas
   5. Pallava period
      1. progress in education
         1. Buddhist and Jain institutions established
            1. Kancheepuram-centre of 'Sanskrit literature'
   6. Kailasanatha Temple
      1. storehouse of public documents
   7. Hieun-Tsang-chinese pilgrim
      1. visited Kanchi
         1. during the period of Narasimha Pallava
   8. Siva and Vaishnava Mutts
      1. encouraged educational activities
   9. Viharas and Jaina pallis
      1. propagated Buddhist and Jaina system of philosophy
   10. Ennayiram,Tribuveni,Kunrathur
       1. educational centres of Imperial Cholas
   11. Educational centres
       1. Salai in Pandya period
          1. Kandallur Salai and Parthipasekarapuram
   12. Raja Serfoji II
       1. Saraswathi Mahal Library in 1824
2. ROLE OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES
   1. Portuguese, Dutch, English
      1. spread Christianity
         1. established Missionaries in TN
   2. Portuguese establish Society of Jesus
      1. schools at Chennai, Nagapatnam, Tiruchy, Dindugal
   3. Father Fernandus
      1. started church in Punnakayal
         1. 1567
   4. Jesuits of Madura Mission
      1. Father Robert de Nobili
         1. arrived during rule of Muthukrishnappa Nayak
            1. 1605
   5. John de Britto
      1. distinguished personality of Madura Mission
         1. went to Ramnad and Pudukottai to spread Christianity
   6. Father Constantine Joseph Beschi
      1. also called Veeramamunivar
         1. author of Themabavani
            1. served in Madurai Mission
   7. American Jaffna Mission
      1. 1834
         1. opened more schools in Madurai, Dindugal, Ramanathapuram
   8. Arcot Mission
      1. 1853
         1. Scudder Brothers of USA
            1. established hospitals, charities, educational institutions
            2. started Voorhees college and schools in Arcot district
   9. Ignatious Loyola Mission
      1. Loyola College in Chennai
   10. Colleges found to give education to people
       1. Madras Christian College-Tambaram
       2. Scott Christian College-Nagarcoil
       3. St. Joseph College- Tiruchi
       4. St.Xavier College-Palayamkottai
       5. Women's Christian College- Chennai
   11. London Mission Society
       1. concentrated in Nagarcoil, Neyyur, Palayamkottai
   12. Christian Missionaries
       1. first to introduce western education
3. EDUCATION UNDER BRITISH
   1. East India Company hesitated on education
      1. lack of funds
   2. changed due to Chartered Act of 1813
      1. alloted annual expenditure of Rs. One Lakh
   3. School Book Society
      1. 1819
   4. Thomas Munro
      1. became Governor in 1820
         1. argued that investment on education is not a waste
   5. Education Commission
      1. 1822
   6. The Board of Public Instruction
      1. public schools were established in each district
         1. Sir A.J.Arbuthnot was first director
   7. Filtration Theory in 1830
      1. introduced by East India Company
         1. failed because education did not reach lower level
   8. Wood's Despatch
      1. also known as Magna Carta of education
         1. replaced Filtration Theory
            1. number of schools were increased
   9. Education took a definite shape
      1. The Medical School turned into Medical College in 1851
      2. The Survey school turned into Engineering College in 1857
      3. The Presidency school became the Presidency College
      4. The Act of 1857
         1. created the Madrs University
      5. Law College in 1891
      6. The Annamalai University in 1929
         1. founded by Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar
   10. Hunter Commission in 1882
       1. recommended to ditribute responsibilities of education to Municipalities and District board
   11. Under Government of India Act 1935
       1. education was made state subject
   12. Sir John Sergeant Plan of 1944
       1. education made free and compulsory
          1. for children between 6-14 years of age
4. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF WESTERN EDUCATION
   1. MERITS
      1. prepared people for intellectual and social renaissance
      2. developed national consciousness
      3. gave importance to women's education
      4. brought 'Unity in diversity'
         1. led to political unity
   2. DEMERITS
      1. neglected mass education
      2. employment opportunities were given to people who studied in English medium only
      3. created a wide gulf between the educated and uneducated