1. Denaturation
   1. changes 3 dimensional structure of enzyme/ any soluble protein caused by heat/chemical such as acids/alkalis
2. Characteristics
   1. V. specific in actions
      1. Lock & Key Hypothesis
         1. Lock & Key Hypothesis
         2. Effect of Temperature on rate of Reaction
            1. Effect of Temperature on rate of Reaction
            2. Tempt. increase cause incrse in vibration in molecules
            3. ppl die frm heat becx enzymes are denatured
            4. enzymes are DENATURED
            5. Vibrations break hydrogen bonds- ACTIVE SITE
            6. reacting molecules mo e faster, substrate & enxzyme molcules collide and subvstrate fits into active site.
   2. affected by:
      1. tempt
         1. Optimum Temperature
            1. tempt. where enzymes are most active
            2. 40-50 degree
      2. pH
         1. extreme change in pH cause Denaturation
         2. value
            1. Acidity
            2. Pepsin& Renin in stomach
            3. Alkialinity
            4. Maltase (from intestine)
   3. requires small amt
   4. speed up chemical reactions they catalysts
      1. Hydrolysis
         1. "splitting of water"
3. Inorganic Catalysts
   1. not destroyed by boiling OR changes in pH of solution
4. Denaturation
   1. high tempt/ extreme change in pH breaks protein molecule bonds
      1. HENCE
         1. protein changes shape
5. Activation Energy
   1. is > minimum energy needed to start chemical reaction
   2. Enzymes help to " lower" AE
   3. Chemical Reactn is Faster with ENYZMES
6. Classes:
   1. Digestive Enzymes
      1. cuts big molecuoles into smaller form
      2. EG:
         1. Amylase
         2. Maltase
         3. Protease
      3. is produced when needed
   2. 7>Oxidation-Reduction Enzymes
      1. breaks down Glucose during Respiration
7. Nutrients
   1. needs high tempt to break down
      1. cells carry out same reactns w/o incrsing body tempt
         1. using catalysts called " enzymes"
8. Digestion
   1. converting large molecules into smaller sub:
      1. soluble in water
      2. diffusible thru cell membrane
9. Organic Catalysts
   1. substance to speed up chemical reaction, w/o chemically changed at end reaction
   2. made of PROTEIN
10. Biological Reaction
    1. Needs 1/ more enzymes as Catalysts
       1. Enzyme Catalysts Reaction
          1. can be reactions that:
             1. build up complex substances
             2. break down complex substances
             3. SDC10334.JPG
11. biological cataylsts made of PROTEIN
    1. substance to speed up chemical reaction, w/o chemically changed at end reaction
12. classified accord:
    1. the Chemical Reactions they Catalysts
       1. eg
          1. Hydrolysis
             1. Enzymes that catalysts hydrolytic reactns
             2. known as
             3. Hydrolases
             4. EG
             5. Carbohydrases
             6. <Digests
             7. Carbohydrates
             8. Cellulase
             9. produced by bacteria
             10. <Digest
             11. Cellulose
             12. Salivary Amylase
             13. Pancreatic Amylase
             14. Proteases
             15. <Digests
             16. Proteins
             17. Pepsin
             18. in stomach
             19. Lipases
             20. <Digests
             21. Fats (lipids)
             22. Topic
             23. Lipase
             24. in pancreatic juice