1. Fouchet Plans - 1960
   1. Failure of the EDC
      1. Not ratified by French
   2. Cooperation under policy of defense
      1. Creation of Nuclear weapons
   3. Community structure
      1. Head of State meet
         1. Gives France more power
   4. Rejected by Andernaur
2. European Political Cooperation- 1970
   1. Hague Summit
      1. Best way of achieving unification through enlargement
      2. Structure of ECP
3. Incentives
   1. War
      1. End of Cold War - 1991
      2. Iraq War
      3. Yugoslavia
4. Maastricht & CFSP
   1. Qualified majority voting
   2. Security within the European COmmunity
5. Amsterdam Treaty - 1997
   1. High Representative for CFSP
   2. Constructive abstention
   3. Military force
6. St. Malo Declaration
   1. EU must have the capacity for autonomous action
   2. Means for autonomous action
   3. 1998 - Chirac & Blair
7. Helsinki Council & ESDP - EU Security & Defense policy - 1999
   1. EU can use NATO forces
   2. Military support from members states
   3. Rapid Reaction Force
      1. Humanitarian missions and peacekeeping organized by individual member states