1. Folate Def (B9)
   1. Distroyed by 10 to 15 mins of cooking
   2. Celiac disease and tropical sprue affect uptake
   3. No neurological manifestations
2. Cobalamin Def (B12)
   1. B12 levels high in meat & dairy
   2. Western world, pernicious anemia, unless otherwise proven
   3. pernicious anemia: increased risk of gastric carcinoma
   4. Anemia, not neurological manifestation (treatable by vit B12)
   5. Demyelination of peripheral nerves, spinal cord
3. Polycythemia
4. Immunohemolytic Anemias
   1. Ab against RBC membrane components
   2. Diagnosis: Direct and Indirect Coombs Ag test
   3. Warm Ab: IgG, rarely igA: Active at 37 C
   4. Cold Ab: IgM bind RBC membranes only at 30 C
   5. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
   6. Malaria
      1. Plasmodium
         1. Falciparium
         2. Malariae, vivax, ovale
      2. Increased rate of RBC destruction
5. Iron Deficiency Anemia
   1. Most common cause of anemia
   2. Iron: most common nutritional deficiency
   3. Iron content: Women = 2 gm & men= 6 gm
6. Anemia of Chronic Disease
   1. Pathogenesis: High levels of plasma hepcidin
   2. Most common anemia in hospitalized patients
7. Megaloblastic Anemia (Folate and B12 Def)
   1. Other myeloid lineage also affected
   2. Nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony
   3. Hypochromic but MCHC normal
8. Anemias of Diminished Erythropoeisis