1. Founding Myth
   1. Aeneas
      1. Background
         1. Aeneas is a demi-god
         2. Topic
      2. Rome is called Alba Long when ruled by Aeneas' descendants
         1. 1280 BC
         2. Aeneas' story gives us a connection between Rome and the Greek World and "Western" heritage.
      3. Romulus and Remus found Rome on the Tiberius River
         1. 753 BC
         2. Romulus killed his brother after fighting with him.
         3. Romulus was the first king of Rome
         4. Romulus' father was Mars, the god of War
2. Civilization
   1. Monarchy
      1. The Etruscans were already in Italy. Influenced the Romans immensely.
      2. The early Kings of Rome were Etruscan.
         1. Calendar is an etruscan word
         2. Ides is an etruscan word
      3. The story is, the early kings became tyrannical and power hungry
         1. 509 BC
         2. The Founding of the Republic
   2. The Republic
      1. The Senate
         1. Existed at an unknown time of the Monarchy
         2. Kept around after the Kings were expelled.
         3. Patres were kept around because they had a stake in the fate of the city.
            1. Patrician
            2. Extremely weathly
         4. Extremely exclusive at the beginning.
   3. The Civil War "the Empire"
      1. The naval battle at Actium
         1. 31 BC
         2. Mark Antony defeated by Octavian, the nephew of Ceasar
         3. Octavian wins the Civil War
      2. Octavian returns to Rome
         1. 27 BC
         2. Augustus title is given to Octavian
      3. The end of the Republic
      4. Octavian turned Augustus becomes the first Emporer
      5. The term Empire is misleading because Rome had an Empire during the Monarchy and the Republic
3. Gods and Goddesses
   1. 12
   2. Venus
      1. She is the mother of Aeneas so, she's venerated in Rome.
      2. The changing of her Character to a more important diety.
   3. Subtopic 3
4. Magistrates and Class Society
   1. Patricians
      1. Descendants in the first senate
   2. Slaves
5. First Serious Wars
   1. Carthaganians
      1. The Charthagian Empire stretched from Libya, through the Mahgreb
         1. 280 BC
      2. The Carthagians owned all of Hispania, Spain
         1. Carthago Nova
      3. All of Corsica and Sardinia
      4. Carthage was simply more powerful, they had naval empire. The Romans had simply the Peninsula
   2. The Result of the First War was inconclusive.
      1. The only concrete Result
         1. Sicily is taken
         2. Taxes and Tribute imposed on the Chartagian Empire.
      2. The conditions of Peace were so humiliating that Rome had to have calculated this to restart the war
      3. First Carthagian War
         1. 264 BC
      4. Second Carthagian War
         1. 216 BC
         2. ended in 202 BC
         3. Hannibal almost conquered Rome.
            1. Brought Elephants across the Alps.
         4. Scipio figured that if they attack Carthage, Hannibal could follow him, then Scipio would win.
            1. Last Battle of Carthage
            2. 202 BC
            3. Scipio defeats Hannibal
            4. Place called Zama
         5. In the defeat of Carthage, the Romans annex the whole Carthagian Empire
      5. Third Carthagian War
         1. Hardly a war
         2. 146, Carthage was burned to the ground
         3. Salted the soil
         4. Sold the people into Slavery.
6. Eastern Campaigns
   1. The Romans look to the East with the Carthagians
   2. Alexander the Great divided his eastern empires among his Generals.
   3. Small Kingdoms, simple to dominate.
   4. First fell Greece
   5. Turkey
   6. Lebanon
   7. Etc.
7. Early Latin Theater begins
   1. Plautus is the first Latin-language comedy.
      1. Reading Roman Comedy doesn't work well in text.
      2. Slapstick Comedy was frequently part of Latin Comedy.
      3. What to Expect in a Roman Comedy.
   2. Most literary genres begin in Greece
   3. The Roman style was admiring of Greek and frequently "adapting" Greek styles and things
      1. like the US and UK
      2. US just sort of flipped English things gradually.
8. Last Century of the Republic
   1. Important Folks
      1. Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla
   2. Cicero
      1. 43 BC
      2. Assassinated
   3. Pompey
   4. Julius Caesar
      1. Gaullish Campaigns
         1. 49-59 BC
      2. Responsibile for the Romanization of European Languages
9. Roman Poetry
   1. Lucetius
   2. Catullus
      1. Immensely important to Roman poetic development
      2. died at the age of 20
10. Roman Women and Ancient Sexuality
11. Spartacus and Ancient Slavery, Seneca's letter on slaves
12. First Emporer
    1. Antony and Augustus Octavian
13. Augustan Age
    1. Emphasis on Literature
    2. Virgil
    3. Horace
    4. Ovid
    5. Some were patronized by Augustus
14. Visual Arts
    1. Painting
    2. Sculpture
    3. Architecture
15. Pompeii
    1. Preserved in ash from 79 AD on
16. Roman Religion and Christianity
    1. Pliny
    2. Fronto
    3. Marcus Aurelius
       1. Gladiator will be a critical viewing
17. Fall and Decline
    1. Final Thoughts on Decline and Fall. Rome's Legacy.