1. Crops
   1. A major benifit is the reduction in the use of fertilizers , herbicides and pesticides
   2. We can modify the DNA of plants
      1. To create a healthy yield and reduce pesticides
   3. Farmers buy into a circle of dependency
      1. The multinational companies are selling seeds and fertilizers to the farmers
      2. The farmers soil becomes conditioned to a certain pesticide , herbicide and fertilizers
   4. Hostility to the Genetic modification of crops, described as 'Frankenstein - Food'
2. Animals
   1. We can grow 'ears' on rats
   2. Similar to GM crops (above)
3. Humans
   1. Germ line
      1. Sperm or eggs, are modified by the introduction of functional genes, which are integrated into their genomes
         1. Highly effective in counteracting genetic disorders and hereditary diseases
   2. Stomatic cells
      1. Modifications and effects will be restricted to the individual patient only, and will not be inherited by the patients offspring or later generations
   3. Stem Cells
      1. They can be specialised into any other cell
         1. Can be obtained from
            1. Umbilical cord (The blood)
            2. Adults(From tissues)
   4. Saviour Siblings
      1. They are younger siblings created to save / improve the standard of living for the elder sibling
         1. Laws stop people having Saviour Siblings
            1. Save the life of the parents
            2. Harvest organs
         2. Genetically identical to the elder sibling
            1. Tissue type match
      2. Uses a lot of embryos (IVF will be needed)
4. Clones
   1. Reproductive Cloning
      1. The genetic duplication of an existing organism especially by transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell of the organism into an enucleated cell
   2. Therapeutic cloning
      1. Stem cells from (typically) skin cells, and use those cells to grow tissue that are a perfect genetic match for the patient