Glucose Oxidation with H2O2

uncatalyzed
1. Carbohydr Res. 2012 Feb 15;349:33-8 Only reaction at high temp. and side reaction to formic acid
  1. An increasing interest in biomass as a renewable feedstock for the chemical industry has risen over the last decades, and glucose, the monomer unit of cellulose, has been widely studied as a source material to produce value-added products such as carboxylic acids, mainly gluconic and formic. In this work, the non-catalysed wet oxidation of glucose using hydrogen peroxide has been analysed, obtaining molar yields to gluconic and formic acids up to 15% and 64%, respectively. Glucose conversion was generally between 40 and 50%, reaching over 80% under the highest temperature (200°C). An appropriate choice of temperature can tune product distribution as well as reaction rates. The interaction of the wet oxidation with an electrolytic reaction was also analysed.
Gold catalyzed
1. Chim Ind Milan Italy (2005) Volume: 87, Issue: 9, Publisher: Promedia Publishing, Pages: 44-48
  1. The selective oxidn. of D-glucose to D-gluconic acid with environmentally friendly and cheap oxidants, such as mol. oxygen and aq. H2O2 in the presence of gold catalysts, is discussed. By using mol. oxygen, the reaction leads to the formation of gluconate and hydrogen peroxide as a co-product. The comparison between dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants, at different pH and temp., using either supported or unsupported gold particles, shows that H2O2 allows higher oxidn. rates. Owing to economic reasons, the use of hydrogen peroxide seems to be limited to the synthesis of free gluconic acid, whereas oxygen is almost inactive. Moreover, supported gold shows a better performance in relation to durability, recycling and sepn. properties.
2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental Volume 102, Issues 3–4, 22 February 2011, Pages 584–589
  1. The oxidation of d-glucose to sodium d-gluconate with H2O2 has been investigated using an industrially relevant 0.3% Au/Al2O3 catalyst. The selectivity surprisingly exceeded 99% at d-glucose conversions >99%. Furthermore, high catalyst activity of about 8300 mmol min−1 gAu−1 was obtained at mild reaction conditions (40 °C, pH 9) and atmospheric pressure.
  2. d-Glucose oxidation with H2O2 on an AuAl2O3 catalyst.pdf
3. Lab Trial 14.12.12 Use Au on TiO2 catalyst 1.8 g Glucose + 2ml H2O2 (50%) add 0.2M NaOH for pH9 add 1ml H2O2 every 30 mins -> use 16 ml NaOH in 2 hrs = 32 %
4. Lab Trial Au on C 1.8 g Glucose + 2ml H2O2 add 0.2M NaOH for pH9 adjust pH every 10 mins add 1ml H2O2 all 30 mins -> nearly no reaction after 2 hrs
Pd catalyzed
1. Lab Trial 27.11.12 1.8 g Glucose + 0.75 ml H2O2 / 50% @ 50 C -> pH drops from 6 to 4 in 2 hrs => no reaction !
2. Lab Trial 28.11.12 1.8 g Glucose + 0.75 ml H2O2 @ 50 C with Pd/Al2O2 add 0.2M NaOH each 10 mins keep pH 9 => low reaction
3. Lab Trial 29.11.12 1.8 g glucose + 3 ml H2O2 @ 50 C with Pd/Al2O2 (used) add 0.2M NaOH to keep pH9 and add 1 ml H2O2 all 30 mins => ca. 20% reaction in 2 hrs
MB catalyzed
1. Lab Trial 6.11.12 1 g Glucose + 4 ml H2O2 (50%) in 10 ml -> check with TLC -> no reaction seen
2. Lab Trials: 5g Glucose + 20ml H2O2 + 30ml H2O/buffer pH7 use 0.1 ml MB as Cat. Stir @ 50 C and check with TLC => no reaction seen