chairman->chairperson, fireman -> fire fighter, policeman -> police officer
격
주격
The Woman is not a doctor but a nurse
소유격
Moses's Law
이중 소유격
My mother gave me this book of Jane's
독립 소유격
This bicycle is my brother's
목적격
타동사 목적어
The rich must help the poor.
전치사의 목적어
We are not interested in drinking
동격어
Jim, son of out company presidet, will be here tomorrow
명사가 단독으로 전치사 없이 부사처럼 쓰일때
i waited a couple of years. It is cool morning and evenings
명사가 형용사처럼 쓰일때
대명사 (pronoun)
종류
인칭 대명사
총인칭
We have had much rain this year. They speak well of your son
소유대명사
I happened to meet a friend of mine at church
재귀 대명사
Today many youngsters try to kill themselves.
it
일반 대명사
He tried to swim across the river, but it was impossible.
특별 용법
It's nothing. It is windy today. It's still hot in the daytime
가주어, 진주어, 가목적어, 진목적어
It is not good to tell a lie to your mother, i make it a rule not to lend or borrow moeny. I took it for granted that Texas Rangers would win the baseball match this time
지시 대명사
일반
those
god helps thoes who help themselves
such
i have never seen such a beautiful woman before. Such is life
so
He told me to wait here., and i did so. your sister is very cute.
same
she treated me badly. I will do the same someday
부정 대명사
부정 대명사의 종류
부정 대명사 와 형용사로 쓰이는 경우
부정 대명사로만 쓰이는 경우
형용사로만 쓰이는 경우
each, every, all, both
Each of us has his own dream. Every dog has his day. Both of my parents are still alive in North Korea. All of us are healthy.
some, any
some
would you lend me some money if you have any
any
you may ask any question if you have
other, another
other
some like the sea: others the mountains
another
will you have another cup of tea?
either, neither
Either of theses sweaters is good for you, l like neither of those photos
one , no one, none
One should love one's neighor, No One know the mystery of the universe., None of us is perfect
의문 대명사
관계 대명사
관사(Article)
정관사
단수명사와 복수명사 앞에 다 쓰인다.
뒤에 나오는 명사를 다른 것과 명확히 구별해 준다.
부정관사
단수 가산명사 앞에서만 쓰인다.
어떤 정해져 있지 않는 사물 앞에서 쓰인다.
형용사 (Adjective)
형용사 종류
성상 형용사
old, honest, kind
보통 형용사
bad, good, large, new, old, short, small, tall
물질 형용사
a gold coin
silver fox
a golden key
수량 형용사
many, much, some, any, no
대명 형용사
all, both, whose, what, which
수사
one, two, ten
후치 형용사
He is an actor suitable for the part
is there something wrong with you computer
Don't miss all the chances thinkable
I think Mr.Kim is the greatest writer alive
복합 형용사
분사 형용사
현재분사
a barking dog
a flying bird
a humming woman
과거분사
a hidden card
broken logs
fallen leaves
고유 형용사
부정수량형용사
Many student use the school cafeteria
He has written a good many books on history
불가산명사를 수식할 때
He spent much money for his wedding ceremony
there was little hope of his recovery
수사
숫자를 읽는 방법
형용사의 위치
형용사 용법
한정 용법
this is an interesting story
서술 용법
i found englith interesting
한정용법으로만 쓰이는 형용사
서술용법으로만 쓰이는 형용사
용법에 따라 의미가 달라지는 형용사
a certain woman told me this story
i am certain this is the correct answer
please raise your right hand high
i think he is right
he looks like his late father
sarah is always late for school
형용사가 명사처럼 쓰일 때
수량형용사의 관용 표현
시간,거리 금액의 복수형
부사(Adverb)
부사의 종류
의미상의 분류
한정 용법 분류
단순부사
지시부사
this, that, here, there
부정부사
somehow, somewhere, everywhere
문장부사
happily, perhaps, luckily
의문부사
why, when, where, how
관계부사
관계부사 : why, when, where, how
부사 만들때
부사의 위치
형용사, 부사, 구 절 또는 부사라는 품사 자체가 형용사로 변하면서 (대)명사를 수식할때는 수식 어구 바로 앞에 온다.
동사나 문장을 수식할 때는 문장 끝에 온다.
we danced happily, she took my advice happily
빈도나 부정을 나타내는 부사는 be 동사나 조동사 뒤, 일반동사 앞에 온다.
i am usually in my office in the morning, i usually go to school by subway.
완료형이나 수동태처럼 2개 이상의 동사가 나올 때는 조동사와 본동사 사이에 온다
The doctor has carefully examined the wounded, the wounded have been carefully examined by the doctor
예외 : enough는 부사이지만 형용사나 부사 앞에 오지 않고, 항상 뒤에 온다.
do you want some more coffee?, no, thank you. that's good enough
주의해야 할 부사
ago와 before
ago:현재를 기준으로 '그 이전'을 나태내고 , 반드시 앞에 수사가 온다.
i saw his father a week ago
before: 과거를 기준으로 그때 보다 더 이전을 나타낸다. 또 완료형 문장에서는 경험의 의미를 나타낸 준다.
i told him that i had seen his father the week before, i have never seen his father before
too와 either
I am from Texas, Really? i am too
i can't paly golf, i can't. either
once와 ever
i have visited moscow once.
nothing has ever happened during your absence
already와 yet, still
I have already finished my homework
I haven't finished my homework yet
Have you done your homework yet?
I still have another ten minutes
enough와 so, too
This computer is small enough to carry in my pocket
This deck is too heavy for me to move easily
not, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely
here와 there
Here is an interesting story
Here comes the bus.
There seems to be something wrong with him.
There stand a lot of hotels by the Waikiki beach.
부사로 착각하기 쉬운 형용사
elderly 나이 많은
ugly 흉측한
hilly 언덕이 많은
holly 신성한
lively 원기 왕성한
lonely 쓸쓸한
manly 남자다운
womanly 여성다운
형용사와 부사로 모두 쓰이는 단어
daily 일상의, 매일
friendly 다정한, 호의적으로
early 이른, 일찍이
monthly 매달의, 매달
부사의 변화
형용사
off season
an away match
a yes man
Even a child can understand if
He is almost an adult
She is quite a beauty
보어
What's up?
What's on?
Keep the light on
명사
I will leave here tomorrow.
We went to Paris from there
종속 접속사
One you try the cake, you'll like it
Every time i go there. i see him.
등위접속사
I had a toothache , so i went to the dentist's
He seems to be honest, yet i can't trust him.
I loved her with all my heart, yet i could not marry her.