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Grammar
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문장
- 평서문
- 의문문
- 부정문
- 명령문
- 감탄문
- 기원문
- 구 와 절
- 동사
- 조동사
- 준동사
- 시제
- 태
- 의문사
- 관계사
- 비교
- 가정법
- 화법
- Grammar
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word
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명사 (noun)
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가산 명사
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보통 명사
- brother, room, building, bird, idea, job, mistake
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집합 명사
- family, police, class, people, army, crew, class, crowd, family, club
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군집 명사
- police, audience , poultry, clergy,
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불가산 명사
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고유 명사
- John, Korea, God, Seoul, British Meseum, World Cup, Sunday
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물질 명사
- iron, water, coffee, money, butter, bread, meat fire
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추상 명사
- beauty, kindness, freedom, truth, length, movement, safety, silence, tennis, love, lunch, information, honesty, chemistry, boyhood
- 가산 명사 -> 불가산 명사
- 물질명사 양/수 표현
- 단수형 과 복수형이 다른 명사
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명사가 수사와 함계 형용사처럼 쓰일때, 단수형으로 표기
- a ten-day visit (10일간의 방문)
- a five-act play (5막으로 된 연극)
- a seven-year-old boy (일곱 살짜리 어린이)
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명사의 성
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남성
- actor, prince, hero, steward, host, waiter
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여성
- actress, heroine, hostess, princess, stewardess, waitress
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중성
- baby, horse, star, child, moon, watch, flower, pencil
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직업명
- chairman->chairperson, fireman -> fire fighter, policeman -> police officer
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격
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주격
- The Woman is not a doctor but a nurse
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소유격
- Moses's Law
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이중 소유격
- My mother gave me this book of Jane's
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독립 소유격
- This bicycle is my brother's
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목적격
- 타동사 목적어
- The rich must help the poor.
- 전치사의 목적어
- We are not interested in drinking
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동격어
- Jim, son of out company presidet, will be here tomorrow
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명사가 단독으로 전치사 없이 부사처럼 쓰일때
- i waited a couple of years. It is cool morning and evenings
- 명사가 형용사처럼 쓰일때
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대명사 (pronoun)
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종류
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인칭 대명사
- 총인칭
- We have had much rain this year. They speak well of your son
- 소유대명사
- I happened to meet a friend of mine at church
- 재귀 대명사
- Today many youngsters try to kill themselves.
- it
- 일반 대명사
- He tried to swim across the river, but it was impossible.
- 특별 용법
- It's nothing. It is windy today. It's still hot in the daytime
- 가주어, 진주어, 가목적어, 진목적어
- It is not good to tell a lie to your mother, i make it a rule not to lend or borrow moeny. I took it for granted that Texas Rangers would win the baseball match this time
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지시 대명사
- 일반
- those
- god helps thoes who help themselves
- such
- i have never seen such a beautiful woman before. Such is life
- so
- He told me to wait here., and i did so. your sister is very cute.
- same
- she treated me badly. I will do the same someday
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부정 대명사
- 부정 대명사의 종류
- 부정 대명사 와 형용사로 쓰이는 경우
- 부정 대명사로만 쓰이는 경우
- 형용사로만 쓰이는 경우
- each, every, all, both
- Each of us has his own dream. Every dog has his day. Both of my parents are still alive in North Korea. All of us are healthy.
- some, any
- some
- would you lend me some money if you have any
- any
- you may ask any question if you have
- other, another
- other
- some like the sea: others the mountains
- another
- will you have another cup of tea?
- either, neither
- Either of theses sweaters is good for you, l like neither of those photos
- one , no one, none
- One should love one's neighor, No One know the mystery of the universe., None of us is perfect
- 의문 대명사
- 관계 대명사
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관사(Article)
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정관사
- 단수명사와 복수명사 앞에 다 쓰인다.
- 뒤에 나오는 명사를 다른 것과 명확히 구별해 준다.
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부정관사
- 단수 가산명사 앞에서만 쓰인다.
- 어떤 정해져 있지 않는 사물 앞에서 쓰인다.
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형용사 (Adjective)
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형용사 종류
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성상 형용사
- old, honest, kind
- 보통 형용사
- bad, good, large, new, old, short, small, tall
- 물질 형용사
- a gold coin
- silver fox
- a golden key
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수량 형용사
- many, much, some, any, no
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대명 형용사
- all, both, whose, what, which
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수사
- one, two, ten
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후치 형용사
- He is an actor suitable for the part
- is there something wrong with you computer
- Don't miss all the chances thinkable
- I think Mr.Kim is the greatest writer alive
- 복합 형용사
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분사 형용사
- 현재분사
- a barking dog
- a flying bird
- a humming woman
- 과거분사
- a hidden card
- broken logs
- fallen leaves
- 고유 형용사
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부정수량형용사
- Many student use the school cafeteria
- He has written a good many books on history
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불가산명사를 수식할 때
- He spent much money for his wedding ceremony
- there was little hope of his recovery
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수사
- 숫자를 읽는 방법
- 형용사의 위치
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형용사 용법
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한정 용법
- this is an interesting story
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서술 용법
- i found englith interesting
- 한정용법으로만 쓰이는 형용사
- 서술용법으로만 쓰이는 형용사
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용법에 따라 의미가 달라지는 형용사
- a certain woman told me this story
- i am certain this is the correct answer
- please raise your right hand high
- i think he is right
- he looks like his late father
- sarah is always late for school
- 형용사가 명사처럼 쓰일 때
- 수량형용사의 관용 표현
- 시간,거리 금액의 복수형
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부사(Adverb)
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부사의 종류
- 의미상의 분류
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한정 용법 분류
- 단순부사
- 지시부사
- this, that, here, there
- 부정부사
- somehow, somewhere, everywhere
- 문장부사
- happily, perhaps, luckily
- 의문부사
- why, when, where, how
- 관계부사
- 관계부사 : why, when, where, how
- 부사 만들때
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부사의 위치
- 형용사, 부사, 구 절 또는 부사라는 품사 자체가 형용사로 변하면서 (대)명사를 수식할때는 수식 어구 바로 앞에 온다.
- 동사나 문장을 수식할 때는 문장 끝에 온다.
- we danced happily, she took my advice happily
- 빈도나 부정을 나타내는 부사는 be 동사나 조동사 뒤, 일반동사 앞에 온다.
- i am usually in my office in the morning, i usually go to school by subway.
- 완료형이나 수동태처럼 2개 이상의 동사가 나올 때는 조동사와 본동사 사이에 온다
- The doctor has carefully examined the wounded, the wounded have been carefully examined by the doctor
- 예외 : enough는 부사이지만 형용사나 부사 앞에 오지 않고, 항상 뒤에 온다.
- do you want some more coffee?, no, thank you. that's good enough
- 주의해야 할 부사
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ago와 before
- ago:현재를 기준으로 '그 이전'을 나태내고 , 반드시 앞에 수사가 온다.
- i saw his father a week ago
- before: 과거를 기준으로 그때 보다 더 이전을 나타낸다. 또 완료형 문장에서는 경험의 의미를 나타낸 준다.
- i told him that i had seen his father the week before, i have never seen his father before
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too와 either
- I am from Texas, Really? i am too
- i can't paly golf, i can't. either
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once와 ever
- i have visited moscow once.
- nothing has ever happened during your absence
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already와 yet, still
- I have already finished my homework
- I haven't finished my homework yet
- Have you done your homework yet?
- I still have another ten minutes
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enough와 so, too
- This computer is small enough to carry in my pocket
- This deck is too heavy for me to move easily
- not, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely
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here와 there
- Here is an interesting story
- Here comes the bus.
- There seems to be something wrong with him.
- There stand a lot of hotels by the Waikiki beach.
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부사로 착각하기 쉬운 형용사
- elderly 나이 많은
- ugly 흉측한
- hilly 언덕이 많은
- holly 신성한
- lively 원기 왕성한
- lonely 쓸쓸한
- manly 남자다운
- womanly 여성다운
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형용사와 부사로 모두 쓰이는 단어
- daily 일상의, 매일
- friendly 다정한, 호의적으로
- early 이른, 일찍이
- monthly 매달의, 매달
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부사의 변화
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형용사
- off season
- an away match
- a yes man
- Even a child can understand if
- He is almost an adult
- She is quite a beauty
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보어
- What's up?
- What's on?
- Keep the light on
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명사
- I will leave here tomorrow.
- We went to Paris from there
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종속 접속사
- One you try the cake, you'll like it
- Every time i go there. i see him.
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등위접속사
- I had a toothache , so i went to the dentist's
- He seems to be honest, yet i can't trust him.
- I loved her with all my heart, yet i could not marry her.
- 전치사
- 접속사
- 특수구문