1. Groups - collection of individuals who interact with each other to achieve common goal
2. Formal
   1. Officially organized
   2. Managers, subordinates or both
3. Informal
   1. Two or more individuals
   2. Not prescribed by organization
4. Tuckman's Model
   1. Forming
      1. Members get to know each other
   2. Storming
      1. Disagreement between members
      2. Comfortable
   3. Norming
      1. Commitments are reinforced
      2. Ready to work at task
   4. Performing
      1. Status quo
      2. Insightful
5. Cohesion
   1. Act as one unit
   2. Collective identity
   3. Mutual bond
   4. Too much can lead to distraction and groupThink
6. Virtual Groups
   1. Conference calls
   2. Virtual meetings
   3. The more virtual the less collaboration
7. Homophily Principle
   1. Similar age, gender, education, skills and values
   2. Longer duration --> more bonding
   3. Smaller groups more stable
   4. Must be combined with high commitment
8. Collective Efficacy
   1. Belief in abilities leads to better performance
9. Social Loafing
   1. Work disparity
   2. Ringleman Effect
      1. If they aren't doing it why should I?