1. Population
    1. Over Population
      1. High concentration of people in their child bearing years
      2. Children bring in income
      3. Large families in traditional societies represent social status
      4. Rich land owners have servants get sterilized in India's " GUns for Sterilization" program, and kept the gun license for themselves
      5. Contreceptives may not be available or people may be against them for their political or religious beliefs.
      6. Children help elderly and sick
      7. More children for religious, political or social reasons
    2. Population Pyramid
      1. Graphic Device that represents a population's age and sex composition
      2. Base is younger population, tip is oldest
      3. Males on left side, females on right
    3. Population Momentum
      1. Even when total fertility declines, there is a lag period before the rate of natural increase declines. This is because people who have already been born build momentum into the population.
    4. Population density: Number of people who live in a unit of area
      1. Arithmetic density: Divides the total population by total land area
      2. Physiological density: divide total population by the total arable land
      3. Agricultural density: Ratio between number of farmers per unit of arable land in a specific area
      4. Nutritional density: Ratio between the total population and the land being farmed in an area
  2. Epidemiologic Transition Model
    1. Epidemiology
      1. Concerned with increase , distribution and control of diseases over a large area or number of people
        1. Deals with Scale and Connectivity (Distribution and Diffusion of the disease
    2. A.K.A. ETM
    3. ETM and Demographical Transition Model
      1. ETM deals with causes of death related to the DTM
        1. Stage 1 of ETM matches up with stage 1 of DTM. - True for all stages
    4. Stage 1
      1. Founded by Abel Omran in 1971
      2. Stage of plague and famine
      3. Infectious and parisitic diseases and human and and animal attacks. Also accidents
      4. Thomas Malthus called this stage "natural checks"
      5. Ex: Black Plague
    5. Stage 2
      1. Receding Pandemics
        1. Define:Pandemics - Over a wide area and high percentage of population affected
      2. Ex: Cholera. During the Industrial revolution due to poor water sanitation and over crowding
    6. Debate over stage 5
      1. Infectious and parasitic diseases reemerging
        1. Evolution - Microbes becoming immune to antibiotics
        2. Poverty- Some couyntries dont have the medical services to stop certain diseases
          1. Ex: TB is cointrolled in the USA but not in lesser developed countries
        3. Travel. Diffusion of diseases.
          1. Ex: SARs from China